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Following the global financial crisis, some of these countries have implemented substantial reforms in the context of adjustment programmes, seen by some as a \u2018frontal assault\u2019 on collective bargaining. This paper compares the recent top-down reforms in Portugal with the more gradual evolution of the system in the Netherlands. While the Dutch bargaining system shares many of the key features that characterise the Portuguese system, it has shown a much greater ability to adjust to new challenges through concerted social dialogue. This paper shows that the recent reforms in Portugal have brought the system more in line with Dutch practices, including in relation to the degree of flexibility in sectoral collective agreements at the worker and firm levels, the criteria for administrative extensions, and the application of retro- and ultra-activity. However, it remains to be seen to what extent the top-down approach taken in Portugal will change bargaining practices, and importantly, the quality of industrial relations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2478\/izajolp-2019-0008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,13]],"date-time":"2019-11-13T04:05:23Z","timestamp":1573617923000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Frontal assault versus incremental change: A comparison of collective bargaining in Portugal and the Netherlands"],"prefix":"10.2478","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Alexander","family":"Hijzen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"OECD and IZA . Paris , France"}]},{"given":"Pedro S.","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Mary University of London, NovaSBE and IZA . London , England"}]},{"given":"Jante","family":"Parlevliet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"De Nederlandsche Bank and University of Amsterdam . Amsterdam Netherlands"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026042812082759810_j_izajolp-2019-0008_ref_001_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1ab1b8b1Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Addison, J (2016) Collective Bargaining Systems and Macroeconomic and Microeconomic Flexibility: the Quest for Appropriate Institutional Forms in Advanced Economies, IZA Journal of Labor Policy 5:19.10.1186\/s40173-016-0075-8","DOI":"10.1186\/s40173-016-0075-8"},{"key":"2026042812082759810_j_izajolp-2019-0008_ref_002_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1ab1b8b2Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Addison, J, P Teixeira, K Evers & L Bellmann (2012) Is the Erosion Thesis Overblown? 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