{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,27]],"date-time":"2024-04-27T18:40:14Z","timestamp":1714243214345},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Remote controlled laboratories had a great push during the COVID-19 pandemic. In fact, they were already out there but lacking in visibility. This external trigger pushed the academy to face a global challenge to start offering remote experiments more consistently and maturely. Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico (IST) has been offering several remote experiments since 2000 but with the need for an update due to technological aging. As such, the framework for remote experiments in education (FREE) was created based on new web technologies. In addition to the most diverse experiments that had already been developed, FREE includes two experiments that aimed at advanced-level physics students: the Langmuir probe and the electromagnetic (EM) cavity. Both allow users to configure the various parameters and to access the results in real time or check back later. All this access is done using a browser (on a PC or mobile phone) without the need to install additional software. The results of an experimental execution are stored in a database and are downloadable, allowing users to do various analyses and to determine the corresponding plasma density and temperature. In this paper, we will introduce how FREE was used in the implementation of both experiments and give an insight into their didactic approach, such as: (i) how to perform an experimental execution, (ii) the typical data set obtained with, and (iii) the corresponding analysis necessary for the user to retrieve information from it.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2478\/nuka-2023-0006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]],"date-time":"2023-04-03T14:36:59Z","timestamp":1680532619000},"page":"37-46","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Online and FREE access to plasma physics experiments"],"prefix":"10.2478","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Pedro A.","family":"Mendes Rossa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa , Lisboa Portugal"}]},{"given":"Pavel","family":"Kuri\u0161\u010d\u00e1k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague , Prague Czech Republic"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o N.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa , Lisboa Portugal and INESC-ID Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas, e Computadores: Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Desenvolvimento em Lisboa , Lisboa Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Veiga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa , Lisboa Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o P. S.","family":"Loureiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa , Lisboa Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Plasmas e Fus\u00e3o Nuclear, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa , Lisboa Portugal"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Hachmeister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Plasmas e Fus\u00e3o Nuclear, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa , Lisboa Portugal"}]},{"given":"Hor\u00e1cio","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Plasmas e Fus\u00e3o Nuclear, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa , Lisboa Portugal"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024042718104533781_j_nuka-2023-0006_ref_001","unstructured":"Loureiro, J. (2013). Remote plasma experiments on e-lab. Master dissertation, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal, from https:\/\/fenix.tecnico.ulisboa.pt\/cursos\/meft\/dissertacao\/2353642460043."},{"key":"2024042718104533781_j_nuka-2023-0006_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oliveira, J., Hachmeister, D., Louren\u00e7o, P. D., Brotankova, J., & Fernandes, H. (2021). An accessible microwave cavity experiment for plasma density determination. Eur. J. Phys., 42(3), 035203.","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6404\/abe020"},{"key":"2024042718104533781_j_nuka-2023-0006_ref_003","unstructured":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico. (2012). E-lab. Remote laboratories. Retrieved November 1, 2022, from http:\/\/www.elab.ist.utl.pt."},{"key":"2024042718104533781_j_nuka-2023-0006_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuri\u0161\u010d\u00e1k, P., Rossa, P., Fernandes, H., & Silva, J. N. (2022). Design and implementation of a framework for remote experiments in education. In 2022 VIII International Engineering, Science and Technology Conference, Panama, October 19\u201321, 2022, Panama City, Panama. DOI: 10.48550\/arXiv.2211.01217.","DOI":"10.1109\/IESTEC54539.2022.00046"},{"key":"2024042718104533781_j_nuka-2023-0006_ref_005","unstructured":"Fielding, R. T. (2000). REST: Architectural styles and the design of network-based software architectures. Doctoral dissertation, University of California, from https:\/\/www.ics.uci.edu\/~fielding\/pubs\/dissertation\/top.htm."},{"key":"2024042718104533781_j_nuka-2023-0006_ref_006","unstructured":"Kuri\u0161\u010d\u00e1k, P., Rossa, P., & Silva, J. N. (2021). FREE Project repository. Retrieved November 1, 2022, from https:\/\/github.com\/e-lab-FREE."},{"key":"2024042718104533781_j_nuka-2023-0006_ref_007","unstructured":"Kuri\u0161\u010d\u00e1k, P., Rossa, P., & Silva, J. N. (2021). FREE main server repository. Retrieved November 1, 2022, from https:\/\/github.com\/e-lab-FREE\/FREE_Web."},{"key":"2024042718104533781_j_nuka-2023-0006_ref_008","unstructured":"Kuri\u0161\u010d\u00e1k, P., Rossa, P., & Silva, J. N. (2021). FREE experimental controller repository. Retrieved November 1, 2022, from https:\/\/github.com\/e-lab-FREE\/RPi_Proxy."},{"key":"2024042718104533781_j_nuka-2023-0006_ref_009","unstructured":"Kuri\u0161\u010d\u00e1k, P., Rossa, P., Silva, J. N., Fernandes, H., & Veiga, J. (2022). FREE e-lab. Retrieved November 10, 2022, from https:\/\/elab.vps.tecnico.ulisboa.pt:8000."},{"key":"2024042718104533781_j_nuka-2023-0006_ref_010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amirante, A., Castaldi, T., Miniero, L., & Romano, S. P. (2014, October). Janus: A general purpose WebRTC gateway. In Proceedings of the Conference on Principles, Systems and Applications of IP Telecommunications (pp. 1\u20138). USA: Association for Computing Machinery.","DOI":"10.1145\/2670386.2670389"},{"key":"2024042718104533781_j_nuka-2023-0006_ref_011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sredojev, B., Samardzija, D., & Posarac, D. (2015, May). WebRTC technology overview and signaling solution design and implementation. In 38th International Convention on Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics (MIPRO) (pp. 1006\u20131009). USA: IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/MIPRO.2015.7160422"},{"key":"2024042718104533781_j_nuka-2023-0006_ref_012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hutchinson, I. H. (2002). Principles of plasma diagnostics. Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion, 44(12), 2603.","DOI":"10.1088\/0741-3335\/44\/12\/701"},{"key":"2024042718104533781_j_nuka-2023-0006_ref_013","unstructured":"Pozar, D. M. (2011). Microwave engineering. USA: John Wiley & Sons."},{"key":"2024042718104533781_j_nuka-2023-0006_ref_014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luhmann, Jr. N. 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