{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:20:27Z","timestamp":1777854027506,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]],"date-time":"2018-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543622400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The aim of this paper is to bring a methodological and empirical contribution to the measurement of trade competition. Globalization and the emergence of new poles in the world economy brought changes to the global landscape and consequent increase in international trade. There is a debate in the literature with regard the indexes that are better fit to be applied in empirical examples for the acquirement of relevant results for measurement of trade competition. This measurement will be achieved by observing the levels of structural similarity in distinct areas and at different moments in time. A higher degree of similarity between the export structures implies a stronger competition in destination markets. The values obtained for this measurement are highly relevant for the trade competition topic. Through this study we further explore the measurement of trade competition and comparatively discuss several indexes used in this area of research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2478\/subboec-2018-0011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,13]],"date-time":"2019-03-13T05:30:40Z","timestamp":1552455040000},"page":"3-14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Trade Competition Measurement and the Choice of Measurement Indexes"],"prefix":"10.2478","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Iulia Monica","family":"Dumitrescu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Babe\u0219-Bolyai University , Romania"}]},{"given":"Nuno","family":"Crespo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa , Portugal"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Sim\u00f5es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa , Portugal"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026042919572020106_j_subboec-2018-0011_ref_001_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1ab1ab1Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berthelon M., Freund C. (2008) On the conservation of distance in international trade, Journal of International Economics, 75(2), 310-32010.1016\/j.jinteco.2007.12.005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinteco.2007.12.005"},{"key":"2026042919572020106_j_subboec-2018-0011_ref_002_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1ab1ab2Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crespo N., Fontoura M. (2007) Determinant Factors of FDI Spillovers - What Do We Really Know?, World Development, 35(3), 410-42510.1016\/j.worlddev.2006.04.001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.worlddev.2006.04.001"},{"key":"2026042919572020106_j_subboec-2018-0011_ref_003_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1ab1ab3Aa","unstructured":"Crespo N., Simoes N. (2012) Competition in Tourism Arrivals \u2013 A Multidimensional Index of Geographical Structural Similarity, Tourism Analysis 13-5(1), 4-30"},{"key":"2026042919572020106_j_subboec-2018-0011_ref_004_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1ab1ab4Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Head K., Mayer T. (2013) What separates us?, Sources of resistance to globalization, Canadian Journal of Economics, 46(4), 1196-123110.1111\/caje.12055","DOI":"10.1111\/caje.12055"},{"key":"2026042919572020106_j_subboec-2018-0011_ref_005_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1ab1ab5Aa","unstructured":"H\u00f6henberger, N., Schmiedeberg C. (2008) Structural convergence of European countries, CeGE Discussion Paper, No. 75"},{"key":"2026042919572020106_j_subboec-2018-0011_ref_006_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1ab1ab6Aa","unstructured":"H\u00f6henberger, N.; Schmiedeberg, C. (2008): Structural convergence of European countries, CeGE Discussion Paper, No. 75"},{"key":"2026042919572020106_j_subboec-2018-0011_ref_007_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1ab1ab7Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jenkins R. (2008) Measuring the Competitive Threat from China for other Southern Exporters, The World Economy, 31(10), 1351-136610.1111\/j.1467-9701.2008.01132.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9701.2008.01132.x"},{"key":"2026042919572020106_j_subboec-2018-0011_ref_008_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1ab1ab8Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krugman P. (1991) Increasing Returns and Economic Geography, Journal of Political Economy, 99(3), 483-9910.1086\/261763","DOI":"10.1086\/261763"},{"key":"2026042919572020106_j_subboec-2018-0011_ref_009_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1ab1ab9Aa","unstructured":"Lopes J., Lopes A., Sequeira T. (2014) Public Debt, Economic Growth, and Inflation in African Economies, MPRA Paper No. 57377"},{"key":"2026042919572020106_j_subboec-2018-0011_ref_010_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1ab1ac10Aa","unstructured":"Midelfart-Knarvik et al., (2003) The Spatial Distribution of Economic Activities in the European Union, Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics: Cities and Geography, Elsevier 4:2845-290910.1016\/S1574-0080(04)80021-X"},{"key":"2026042919572020106_j_subboec-2018-0011_ref_011_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1ab1ac11Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moreira S., Simoes N., Crespo N. (2017) A contribution to a multidimensional analysis of trade competition, The World Economy, 40(10), 2301-232610.1111\/twec.12492","DOI":"10.1111\/twec.12492"},{"key":"2026042919572020106_j_subboec-2018-0011_ref_012_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1ab1ac12Aa","unstructured":"Palan N. (2010) Measurement of Specialization \u2013 The Choice of Indices, FIW Working Paper N\u00b0 62"},{"key":"2026042919572020106_j_subboec-2018-0011_ref_013_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1ab1ac13Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palan N., Schmiedeberg C. (2010) Structural convergence of European countries, Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, 21(2), 85-10010.1016\/j.strueco.2010.01.001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.strueco.2010.01.001"},{"key":"2026042919572020106_j_subboec-2018-0011_ref_014_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1ab1ac14Aa","unstructured":"Riad N., Errico L., Henn C., Saborowski C., Saito M., Turunen J. (2012) Changing Patterns of Global Trade, Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund, c2011 978-1-61635-207-3"},{"key":"2026042919572020106_j_subboec-2018-0011_ref_015_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1ab1ac15Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wacziarg R., Horn Welch K. (2008) The world bank economic review, Advance Access Publication, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 187\u2013231 PWC (2017) The Long View, How will the global economic order change by 2050?, The World in 205010.1093\/wber\/lhn007","DOI":"10.1093\/wber\/lhn007"},{"key":"2026042919572020106_j_subboec-2018-0011_ref_016_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1ab1ac16Aa","unstructured":"World Trade Report (2013) Factors shaping the future of world trade, World Trade Organization, 13(4), 42-88"}],"container-title":["Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai Oeconomica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.sciendo.com\/view\/journals\/subboec\/63\/3\/article-p3.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/reference-global.com\/pdf\/10.2478\/subboec-2018-0011","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T23:00:35Z","timestamp":1777503635000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/reference-global.com\/article\/10.2478\/subboec-2018-0011"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2478\/subboec-2018-0011"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/subboec-2018-0011","relation":{},"ISSN":["2065-9644"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2065-9644","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]]}}}