{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T08:13:03Z","timestamp":1747210383209,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"FEUP","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction:  Musculoskeletal  disorder  can  result  from  extreme  physical  demands  at  work.  It  has  risen, mainly due to high muscle demands and static postures and generates a significant economic burden         to the companies. This short review aims to point out the statistics of the most affected body parts by work-related   musculoskeletal   disorders,   assess   absenteeism   and   presenteeism   costs,   and   evaluate   the effectiveness  of  the  interventions.  Methodology:  According  to  the  PRISMA  Statement,  the  search  was performed in 5 electronic databases  (Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, Pubmed). Articles selection was made by the title and abstract analysis, especially those aiming to explain and validate the subject. If the abstract fulfils the objective, the articles were read, and studies were considered that met the defined eligibility criteria. Were chosen articles that realised measurements or considered interventions in healthy human beings, especially in the working population, dated from 2015 to 2020. Results and Discussion: The scrutinised articles were conclusive that the most affected part of the body are the upper limbs, the neck and  the  upper  back.  The  statistics  ofthe  affected  workers  varied  according  to  the  country  and  analysed tasks, but they converge concerning the most affected body parts. It could be noted that women are more affected by musculoskeletal disorders than men, especially older women; the reason, however, is not clearly explained. Muscle injury can lead high economic burden, mostly due to absenteeism and presenteeism. It was noted that the expenditure due to presenteeism is higher comparing to absenteeism in both developed and  emergent  countries.  Conclusions:  Due  to  high  costs,  companies  are  deploying  strategies  to  improve work conditions and aware the workers about health and safety. Interventions have shown to be effective in reducing the risk of injuries. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders canbe extremely damaging to the workers\u2019 health and are costly to the companies. Support supervisor interventions effectively improve work conditions and reduce the risk of damaging outcomes, increasing workers\u2019 health, work ability, and, consequently, productivity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.24840\/978-972-752-279-8_0056-0064","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]],"date-time":"2021-08-31T16:31:34Z","timestamp":1630427494000},"page":"56-64","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Work-related musculoskeletal disorder and its costs: a short review"],"prefix":"10.24840","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4935-4171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Sophia","family":"Rosado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8524-5503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. Santos","family":"Baptista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2367-2187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.C.","family":"Guedes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"10468","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]]},"event":{"name":"4th Symposium on Occupational Safety and Health"},"container-title":["4th Symposium on Occupational Safety and Health Proceedings Book"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]],"date-time":"2021-08-31T16:31:42Z","timestamp":1630427502000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/books.fe.up.pt\/index.php\/feup\/catalog\/view\/978-972-752-279-8\/978-972-752-279-8_0056-0064\/269"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24840\/978-972-752-279-8_0056-0064","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]]}}}