{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T04:54:03Z","timestamp":1789880043387,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"National Institute of Industrial Health","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["INDUSTRIAL HEALTH","Ind Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.2015-0141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,30]],"date-time":"2015-11-30T22:16:02Z","timestamp":1448921762000},"page":"149-156","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Hazard of ultraviolet radiation emitted in gas tungsten arc welding of aluminum alloys"],"prefix":"10.2486","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"NAKASHIMA","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic University, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akihiro","family":"UTSUNOMIYA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic Center Shizuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuyuki","family":"FUJII","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic University, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsutomu","family":"OKUNO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1332","reference":[{"key":"1","unstructured":"1) The Japan Welding Engineering Society (1980) Shakouhogogu no seinouhyouka tou ni kansuru chousa kenkyu seika houkokusyo [A research report on the performance of eye protectors against optical radiation], The Japan Welding Engineering Society, Japan, Tokyo (in Japanese)."},{"key":"2","unstructured":"2) Japanese Industrial Standards Committee (2007) Technical terms for analytical chemistry (optical part), JIS K 0212, Japan Standards Association, Tokyo (in Japanese)."},{"key":"3","unstructured":"3) International Commission on Illumination (2011) International lighting vocabulary, CIE Standard CIE S 017\/E: 2011, International Commission on Illumination, Vienna."},{"key":"4","unstructured":"4) World Health Organization (1994) Ultraviolet radiation, Environmental Health Criteria 160, World Health Organization, Geneva."},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5) Sliney D, Wolbarsht M (1980) Safety with Lasers and Other Optical Sources, Plenum Press, New York.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-3596-0"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6) Emmett EA, Buncher CR, Suskind RB, Rowe KW Jr (1981) Skin and eye diseases among arc welders those exposed to welding operations. J Occup Med23, 85\u201390.","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-198102000-00010"},{"key":"7","unstructured":"7) Lyon TL, Marshall WJ, Sliney DH, Krial NP, Del Valle PF (1976) Nonionizing radiation protection special study No. 42-0053-77, Evaluation of the potential from actinic ultraviolet radiation generated by electric welding and cutting arcs, US Army Environmental Hygiene Agency Aberdeen Proving Ground ADA033768."},{"key":"8","unstructured":"8) Okuno T, Kohyama N, Serita F (2005) Ultraviolet radiation from MIG welding of aluminum. Saf Health Dig 51, 2\u20135 (in Japanese)."},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9) Peng CY, Lan CH, Juang YJ, Tsao TH, Dai YT, Liu HH, Chen CJ (2007) Exposure assessment of aluminum arc welding radiation. Health Phys93, 298\u2013306.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.HP.0000267862.44497.a4"},{"key":"10","unstructured":"10) Okuno T, Saito H, Hojo M, Kohyama N (2005) Hazard evaluation of ultraviolet radiation emitted by arc welding and other processes. Occup Health J28, 65\u201371 (in Japanese)."},{"key":"11","unstructured":"11) Nakashima H, Utsunomiya A, Fujii N, Okuno T (2014) Study of ultraviolet radiation emitted by MIG welding of aluminum alloys. Journal of Light Metal Welding 52, 290\u20138 (in Japanese)."},{"key":"12","unstructured":"12) ACGIH (2014) Ultraviolet radiation. In: 2014 TLVs<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> and BEIs<sup>\u00ae<\/sup>, ACGIH, Cincinnati."},{"key":"13","unstructured":"13) Gigahertz-Optik, X1<sub>3<\/sub> Manual, 14."},{"key":"14","unstructured":"14) Yokoo N, Mita T, Watanabe K (1986) Tigu yousetsu nyumon, Sanpo Publications Incorporated, Tokyo (in Japanese)."},{"key":"15","unstructured":"15) Japan Light Metal Welding Association (2013) Aluminiumu goukin usuita ni okeru kouryu TIG yousetsu oyobi chokuryu parusu MIG yousetsu no kisotekigihou, Japan Light Metal Welding Association, Tokyo (in Japanese)."},{"key":"16","unstructured":"16) Japanese Industrial Standards Committee (2014) Aluminium and aluminium alloy sheets, strips and plates, JIS H 4000, Japan Standards Association, Tokyo (in Japanese)."},{"key":"17","unstructured":"17) Japanese Industrial Standards Committee (2009) Aluminium and aluminium alloy welding rods and wires, JIS Z 3232, Japan Standards Association, Tokyo (in Japanese)."},{"key":"18","unstructured":"18) Japanese Industrial Standards Committee (2001) Tungsten electrodes for inert gas shielded arc welding, and for plasma cutting and welding, JIS Z 3233, Japan Standards Association, Tokyo (in Japanese)."},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19) Tsujimura T, Tanaka M (2012) Numerical simulation of heat source property behavior in GMA welding. 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