{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T17:59:50Z","timestamp":1790186390283,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":114,"publisher":"Japanese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine","issue":"0","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PRM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.2490\/prm.20250002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T22:13:49Z","timestamp":1736979229000},"page":"n\/a","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Therapeutic Intervention for Trunk Control Impairments in Central Nervous System Disorders: A Comprehensive Review of Methods and Efficacy"],"prefix":"10.2490","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Yamashita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Murata Hospital, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Yamaoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Murata Hospital, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryota","family":"Shimomura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Murata Hospital, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sachimori","family":"Ichimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Murata Hospital, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuuki","family":"Murata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Murata Hospital, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akihiro","family":"Itoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Murata Hospital, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Mima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Graduate School of Core Ethics and Frontier Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kyoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoko","family":"Koganemaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan"},{"name":"Human Brain Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1338","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"1. Scuffham P, Chaplin S, Legood R: Incidence and costs of unintentional falls in older people in the United Kingdom. J Epidemiol Community Health 2003;57:740\u2013744. PMID:12933783, DOI:10.1136\/jech.57.9.740","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.57.9.740"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"2. Lamb SE, Ferrucci L, Volapto S, Fried LP, Guralnik JM, Women\u2019s Health and Aging Study: Risk factors for falling in home-dwelling older women with stroke: the Women\u2019s Health and Aging Study. Stroke 2003;34:494\u2013501. PMID:12574566, DOI:10.1161\/01.STR.0000053444.00582.B7","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000053444.00582.B7"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"3. Karatas M, \u00c7etin N, Bayramoglu M, Dilek A: Trunk muscle strength in relation to balance and functional disability in unihemispheric stroke patients. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2004;83:81\u201387. PMID:14758293, DOI:10.1097\/01.PHM.0000107486.99756.C7","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PHM.0000107486.99756.C7"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"4. Franchignoni FP, Tesio L, Ricupero C, Martino MT: Trunk control test as an early predictor of stroke rehabilitation outcome. Stroke 1997;28:1382\u20131385. PMID:9227687, DOI:10.1161\/01.STR.28.7.1382","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.28.7.1382"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5. Hsieh CL, Sheu CF, Hsueh IP, Wang CH: Trunk control as an early predictor of comprehensive activities of daily living function in stroke patients. Stroke 2002;33:2626\u20132630. PMID:12411652, DOI:10.1161\/01.STR.0000033930.05931.93","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000033930.05931.93"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"6. Verheyden G, Vereeck L, Truijen S, Troch M, Herregodts I, Lafosse C, Nieuwboer A, De Weerdt W: Trunk performance after stroke and the relationship with balance, gait and functional ability. Clin Rehabil 2006;20:451\u2013458. PMID:16774097, DOI:10.1191\/0269215505cr955oa","DOI":"10.1191\/0269215505cr955oa"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"7. Pandolfo M: Neurologic outcomes in Friedreich ataxia: study of a single-site cohort. Neurol Genet 2020;6:e415. PMID:32337342, DOI:10.1212\/NXG.0000000000000415","DOI":"10.1212\/NXG.0000000000000415"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"8. Thijs L, Voets E, Denissen S, Mehrholz J, Elsner B, Lemmens R, Verheyden G: Trunk training following stroke. Stroke 2023;54:e427\u2013e428. PMID:37639516, DOI:10.1161\/STROKEAHA.123.043490","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.123.043490"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9. Verheyden G, Nieuwboer A, Mertin J, Preger R, Kiekens C, De Weerdt W: The Trunk Impairment Scale: a new tool to measure motor impairment of the trunk after stroke. Clin Rehabil 2004;18:326\u2013334. PMID:15137564, DOI:10.1191\/0269215504cr733oa","DOI":"10.1191\/0269215504cr733oa"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"10. Chiou SY, Hurry M, Reed T, Quek JX, Strutton PH: Cortical contributions to anticipatory postural adjustments in the trunk. J Physiol 2018;596:1295\u20131306. PMID:29368403, DOI:10.1113\/JP275312","DOI":"10.1113\/JP275312"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"11. Dickstein R, Shefi S, Marcovitz E, Villa Y: Anticipatory postural adjustment in selected trunk muscles in poststroke hemiparetic patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2004;85:261\u2013267. PMID:14966711, DOI:10.1016\/j.apmr.2003.05.011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2003.05.011"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"12. Deliagina TG, Beloozerova IN, Zelenin PV, Orlovsky GN: Spinal and supraspinal postural networks. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 2008;57:212\u2013221. PMID:17822773, DOI:10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2007.06.017","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2007.06.017"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"13. Galea MP, Hammar I, Nilsson E, Jankowska E: Bilateral postsynaptic actions of pyramidal tract and reticulospinal neurons on feline erector spinae motoneurons. J Neurosci 2010;30:858\u2013869. PMID:20089894, DOI:10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4859-09.2010","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4859-09.2010"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"14. Maiti B, Rawson KS, Tanenbaum AB, Koller JM, Snyder AZ, Campbell MC, Earhart GM, Perlmutter JS: Functional connectivity of vermis correlates with future gait impairments in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov Disord 2021;36:2559\u20132568. PMID:34109682, DOI:10.1002\/mds.28684","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28684"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15. Takakusaki K, Saitoh K, Harada H, Kashiwayanagi M: Role of basal ganglia\u2013brainstem pathways in the control of motor behaviors. Neurosci Res 2004;50:137\u2013151. PMID:15380321, DOI:10.1016\/j.neures.2004.06.015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2004.06.015"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16. Wijesinghe R, Protti DA, Camp AJ: Vestibular interactions in the thalamus. Front Neural Circuits 2015;9:79. PMID:26696836, DOI:10.3389\/fncir.2015.00079","DOI":"10.3389\/fncir.2015.00079"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"17. Brugger F, Walch J, H\u00e4gele-Link S, Abela E, Galovic M, K\u00e4gi G: Decreased grey matter in the postural control network is associated with lateral flexion of the trunk in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neuroimage Clin 2020;28:102469. PMID:33395964, DOI:10.1016\/j.nicl.2020.102469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2020.102469"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"18. Lefaucheur JP, Aleman A, Baeken C, Benninger DH, Brunelin J, Di Lazzaro V, Filipovi\u0107 SR, Grefkes C, Hasan A, Hummel FC, J\u00e4\u00e4skel\u00e4inen SK, Langguth B, Leocani L, Londero A, Nardone R, Nguyen JP, Nyffeler T, Oliveira-Maia AJ, Oliviero A, Padberg F, Palm U, Paulus W, Poulet E, Quartarone A, Rachid F, Rektorov\u00e1 I, Rossi S, Sahlsten H, Schecklmann M, Szekely D, Ziemann U: Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS): an update (2014\u20132018). Clin Neurophysiol 2020;131:474\u2013528. PMID:31901449, DOI:10.1016\/j.clinph.2019.11.002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2019.11.002"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19. Souza DC, de Sales Santos M, da Silva Ribeiro NM, Maldonado IL: Inpatient trunk exercises after recent stroke: an update meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. NeuroRehabilitation 2019;44:369\u2013377.","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-182585"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"20. Gamble K, Chiu A, Peiris C: Core stability exercises in addition to usual care physiotherapy improve stability and balance after stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2021;102:762\u2013775. PMID:33239203, DOI:10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.09.388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.09.388"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"21. Cabanas-Vald\u00e9s R, Bagur-Calafat C, Girabent-Farr\u00e9s M, Caballero-G\u00f3mez FM, Hern\u00e1ndez-Vali\u00f1o M, Urr\u00fatia Cuch\u00ed G: The effect of additional core stability exercises on improving dynamic sitting balance and trunk control for subacute stroke patients: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil 2016;30:1024\u20131033. PMID:26451007, DOI:10.1177\/0269215515609414","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215515609414"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"22. Cramer SC, Dodakian L, Le V, McKenzie A, See J, Augsburger R, Zhou RJ, Raefsky SM, Nguyen T, Vanderschelden B, Wong G, Bandak D, Nazarzai L, Dhand A, Scacchi W, Heckhausen J: A feasibility study of expanded home-based telerehabilitation after stroke. Front Neurol 2021;11:611453. PMID:33613417, DOI:10.3389\/fneur.2020.611453","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.611453"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23. Salgueiro C, Urr\u00fatia G, Cabanas-Vald\u00e9s R: Influence of core-stability exercises guided by a telerehabilitation app on trunk performance, balance and gait performance in chronic stroke survivors: a preliminary randomized controlled trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022;19:5689. PMID:35565084, DOI:10.3390\/ijerph19095689","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19095689"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"24. Dean CM, Channon EF, Hall JM: Sitting training early after stroke improves sitting ability and quality and carries over to standing up but not to walking: a randomised trial. Aust J Physiother 2007;53:97\u2013102. PMID:17535145, DOI:10.1016\/S0004-9514(07)70042-9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0004-9514(07)70042-9"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"25. Masani K, Sin VW, Vette AH, Adam Thrasher T, Kawashima N, Morris A, Preuss R, Popovic MR: Postural reactions of the trunk muscles to multi-directional perturbations in sitting. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2009;24:176\u2013182. PMID:19150744, DOI:10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2008.12.001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2008.12.001"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"26. Sommer B, Haas M, Karrer S, J\u00f6rger M, Graf E, Huber M, Baumgartner D, Bansi J, Kool J, Bauer C: The effect on muscle activity of reaching beyond arm\u2019s length on a mobile seat: a pilot study for trunk control training for people after stroke. Arch Rehabil Res Clin Transl 2023;5:100289. PMID:38163026, DOI:10.1016\/j.arrct.2023.100289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arrct.2023.100289"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"27. Fukata K, Amimoto K, Inoue M, Sekine D, Inoue M, Fujino Y, Makita S, Takahashi H: Effects of diagonally aligned sitting training with a tilted surface on sitting balance for low sitting performance in the early phase after stroke: a randomised controlled trial. Disabil Rehabil 2021;43:1973\u20131981. PMID:31714801, DOI:10.1080\/09638288.2019.1688873","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2019.1688873"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"28. M\u00fcckel S, Mehrholz J: Immediate effects of two attention strategies on trunk control on patients after stroke. A randomized controlled pilot trial. Clin Rehabil 2014;28:632\u2013636. PMID:24452700, DOI:10.1177\/0269215513513963","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215513513963"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"29. Czaprowski D, Afeltowicz A, G\u0119bicka A, Paw\u0142owska P, K\u0119dra A, Barrios C, Hada\u0142a M: Abdominal muscle EMG-activity during bridge exercises on stable and unstable surfaces. Phys Ther Sport 2014;15:162\u2013168. PMID:24268641, DOI:10.1016\/j.ptsp.2013.09.003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2013.09.003"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"30. Behm DG, Anderson K, Curnew RS: Muscle force and activation under stable and unstable conditions. J Strength Cond Res 2002;16:416\u2013422. PMID:12173956","DOI":"10.1519\/00124278-200208000-00012"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"31. Van Criekinge T, Saeys W, Vereeck L, De Hertogh W, Truijen S: Are unstable support surfaces superior to stable support surfaces during trunk rehabilitation after stroke? A systematic review. Disabil Rehabil 2018;40:1981\u20131988. PMID:28482696, DOI:10.1080\/09638288.2017.1323030","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2017.1323030"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"32. Lee PY, Huang JC, Tseng HY, Yang YC, Lin SI: Effects of trunk exercise on unstable surfaces in persons with stroke: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020;17:9135. PMID:33297451, DOI:10.3390\/ijerph17239135","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17239135"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"33. Knutson JS, Fu MJ, Sheffler LR, Chae J: Neuromuscular electrical stimulation for motor restoration in hemiplegia. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 2015;26:729\u2013745. PMID:26522909, DOI:10.1016\/j.pmr.2015.06.002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2015.06.002"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"34. Mettler JA, Bennett SM, Doucet BM, Magee DM: Neuromuscular electrical stimulation and anabolic signaling in patients with stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2017;26:2954\u20132963. PMID:28823492, DOI:10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.07.019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.07.019"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"35. Bilek F, Deniz G, Ercan Z, Cetisli Korkmaz N, Alkan G: The effect of additional neuromuscular electrical stimulation applied to erector spinae muscles on functional capacity, balance and mobility in post-stroke patients. NeuroRehabilitation 2020;47:181\u2013189. PMID:32741788, DOI:10.3233\/NRE-203114","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-203114"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"36. Tyson SF, Sadeghi-Demneh E, Nester CJ: The effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on strength, proprioception, balance and mobility in people with stroke: a randomized controlled cross-over trial. Clin Rehabil 2013;27:785\u2013791. PMID:23503739, DOI:10.1177\/0269215513478227","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215513478227"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"37. Yamaoka T, Takagi Y, Shimomura R, Murata Y, Shimotake K, Itoh A, Mima T, Koganemaru S: N-of-1 trial of electrical sensory stimulation therapy on the tibial innervated area during gait in a case of post-stroke sensory disturbance. Prog Rehabil Med 2023;8:20230018. PMID:37351114, DOI:10.2490\/prm.20230018","DOI":"10.2490\/prm.20230018"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"38. Jung KS, Jung JH, In TS, Cho HY: Effects of weight-shifting exercise combined with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on muscle activity and trunk control in patients with stroke. Occup Ther Int 2016;23:436\u2013443. PMID:27753145, DOI:10.1002\/oti.1446","DOI":"10.1002\/oti.1446"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"39. Yada T, Amimoto K: Effects of task-related trunk training with sensory electrical stimulation on sitting balance in stroke survivors: a randomized controlled trial. Prog Rehabil Med 2023;8:20230037. PMID:37881244, DOI:10.2490\/prm.20230037","DOI":"10.2490\/prm.20230037"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"40. Celnik P: Understanding and modulating motor learning with cerebellar stimulation. Cerebellum 2015;14:171\u2013174. PMID:25283180, DOI:10.1007\/s12311-014-0607-y","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-014-0607-y"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"41. Koganemaru S, Fukuyama H, Mima T: Two is more than one: how to combine brain stimulation rehabilitative training for functional recovery? Front Syst Neurosci 2015;9:154. PMID:26617497, DOI:10.3389\/fnsys.2015.00154","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2015.00154"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"42. Simis M, Di Lazzaro V, Kirton A, Pennisi G, Bella R, Kim YH, Takeuchi N, Khedr EM, Rogers LM, Harvey R, Koganemaru S, Turman B, Tarlac\u0131 S, Gagliardi RJ, Fregni F: Neurophysiological measurements of affected and unaffected motor cortex from a cross-sectional, multi-center individual stroke patient data analysis study. Neurophysiol Clin 2016;46:53\u201361. PMID:26970808, DOI:10.1016\/j.neucli.2016.01.003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2016.01.003"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"43. O\u2019Brien AT, Bertolucci F, Torrealba-Acosta G, Huerta R, Fregni F, Thibaut A: Non\u2010invasive brain stimulation for fine motor improvement after stroke: a meta\u2010analysis. Eur J Neurol 2018;25:1017\u20131026. PMID:29744999, DOI:10.1111\/ene.13643","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13643"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"44. Shibata S, Koganemaru S, Mima T: Non-invasive brain stimulation in post-stroke dysphagia rehabilitation: a narrative review of meta-analyses in 2022. Prog Rehabil Med 2023;8:20230015. PMID:37234861, DOI:10.2490\/prm.20230015","DOI":"10.2490\/prm.20230015"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"45. Klomjai W, Katz R, Lackmy-Vall\u00e9e A: Basic principles of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and repetitive TMS (rTMS). Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2015;58:208\u2013213. PMID:26319963, DOI:10.1016\/j.rehab.2015.05.005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2015.05.005"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"46. Koganemaru S, Mima T, Thabit MN, Ikkaku T, Shimada K, Kanematsu M, Takahashi K, Fawi G, Takahashi R, Fukuyama H, Domen K: Recovery of upper-limb function due to enhanced use-dependent plasticity in chronic stroke patients. Brain 2010;133:3373\u20133384. PMID:20688810, DOI:10.1093\/brain\/awq193","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq193"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"47. Koganemaru S, Sawamoto N, Aso T, Sagara A, Ikkaku T, Shimada K, Kanematsu M, Takahashi R, Domen K, Fukuyama H, Mima T: Task-specific brain reorganization in motor recovery induced by a hybrid-rehabilitation combining training with brain stimulation after stroke. Neurosci Res 2015;92:29\u201338. PMID:25450315, DOI:10.1016\/j.neures.2014.10.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2014.10.004"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"48. Xiang H, Sun J, Tang X, Zeng K, Wu X: The effect and optimal parameters of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on motor recovery in stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Rehabil 2019;33:847\u2013864. PMID:30773896, DOI:10.1177\/0269215519829897","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215519829897"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"49. Liao LY, Xie YJ, Chen Y, Gao Q: Cerebellar theta-burst stimulation combined with physiotherapy in subacute and chronic stroke patients: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2021;35:23\u201332. PMID:33166213, DOI:10.1177\/1545968320971735","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968320971735"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"50. S\u00e1nchez-Kuhn A, P\u00e9rez-Fern\u00e1ndez C, C\u00e1novas R, Flores P, S\u00e1nchez-Santed F: Transcranial direct current stimulation as a motor neurorehabilitation tool: an empirical review. Biomed Eng Online 2017;16:76. PMID:28830433, DOI:10.1186\/s12938-017-0361-8","DOI":"10.1186\/s12938-017-0361-8"},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"51. Lefaucheur JP, Antal A, Ayache SS, Benninger DH, Brunelin J, Cogiamanian F, Cotelli M, De Ridder D, Ferrucci R, Langguth B, Marangolo P, Mylius V, Nitsche MA, Padberg F, Palm U, Poulet E, Priori A, Rossi S, Schecklmann M, Vanneste S, Ziemann U, Garcia-Larrea L, Paulus W: Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Clin Neurophysiol 2017;128:56\u201392. PMID:27866120, DOI:10.1016\/j.clinph.2016.10.087","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2016.10.087"},{"key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"52. Bolognini N, Vallar G, Casati C, Latif LA, El-Nazer R, Williams J, Banco E, Macea DD, Tesio L, Chessa C, Fregni F: Neurophysiological and behavioral effects of tDCS combined with constraint-induced movement therapy in poststroke patients. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2011;25:819\u2013829. PMID:21803933, DOI:10.1177\/1545968311411056","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968311411056"},{"key":"53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"53. Kaski D, Dominguez RO, Allum JH, Islam AF, Bronstein AM: Combining physical training with transcranial direct current stimulation to improve gait in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a pilot randomized controlled study. Clin Rehabil 2014;28:1115\u20131124. PMID:24849794, DOI:10.1177\/0269215514534277","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215514534277"},{"key":"54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"54. Chhatbar PY, Chen R, Deardorff R, Dellenbach B, Kautz SA, George MS, Feng W: Safety and tolerability of transcranial direct current stimulation to stroke patients\u2014a phase I current escalation study. Brain Stimul 2017;10:553\u2013559. PMID:28279641, DOI:10.1016\/j.brs.2017.02.007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2017.02.007"},{"key":"55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"55. Koganemaru S, Goto F, Arai M, Toshikuni K, Hosoya M, Wakabayashi T, Yamamoto N, Minami S, Ikeda S, Ikoma K, Mima T: Effects of vestibular rehabilitation combined with transcranial cerebellar direct current stimulation in patients with chronic dizziness: an exploratory study. Brain Stimul 2017;10:576\u2013578. PMID:28274722, DOI:10.1016\/j.brs.2017.02.005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2017.02.005"},{"key":"56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"56. Nitsche MA, Paulus W: Excitability changes induced in the human motor cortex by weak transcranial direct current stimulation. J Physiol 2000;527:633\u2013639. PMID:10990547, DOI:10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2000.t01-1-00633.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2000.t01-1-00633.x"},{"key":"57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"57. Roche N, Geiger M, Bussel B: Mechanisms underlying transcranial direct current stimulation in rehabilitation. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2015;58:214\u2013219. PMID:26189791, DOI:10.1016\/j.rehab.2015.04.009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2015.04.009"},{"key":"58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"58. Monai H, Ohkura M, Tanaka M, Oe Y, Konno A, Hirai H, Mikoshiba K, Itohara S, Nakai J, Iwai Y, Hirase H: Calcium imaging reveals glial involvement in transcranial direct current stimulation-induced plasticity in mouse brain. Nat Commun 2016;7:11100. PMID:27000523, DOI:10.1038\/ncomms11100","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11100"},{"key":"59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"59. Tedesco Triccas L, Burridge JH, Hughes AM, Pickering RM, Desikan M, Rothwell JC, Verheyden G: Multiple sessions of transcranial direct current stimulation and upper extremity rehabilitation in stroke: a review and meta-analysis. Clin Neurophysiol 2016;127:946\u2013955. PMID:25998205, DOI:10.1016\/j.clinph.2015.04.067","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2015.04.067"},{"key":"60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"60. Tedla JS, Rodrigues E, Ferreira AS, Vicente J, Reddy RS, Gular K, Sangadala DR, Kakaraparthi VN, Asiri F, Midde AK, Dixit S: Transcranial direct current stimulation combined with trunk-targeted, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation in subacute stroke: a randomized controlled trial. PeerJ 2022;10:e13329. PMID:35505681, DOI:10.7717\/peerj.13329","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.13329"},{"key":"61","unstructured":"61. Mart\u00ednez F, Rubio JA, Ramos DJ, Esteban P, Mendiz\u00e1bal S, Jim\u00e9nez F: Effects of 6-week whole body vibration training on the reflex response of the ankle muscles: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2013;8:15\u201324. PMID:23439725"},{"key":"62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"62. Fontana TL, Richardson CA, Stanton WR: The effect of weightbearing exercise with low frequency, whole body vibration on lumbosacral proprioception: a pilot study on normal subjects. Aust J Physiother 2005;51:259\u2013263. PMID:16321133, DOI:10.1016\/S0004-9514(05)70007-6","DOI":"10.1016\/S0004-9514(05)70007-6"},{"key":"63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"63. Kipp K, Johnson ST, Doeringer JR, Hoffman MA: Spinal reflex excitability and homosynaptic depression after a bout of whole\u2010body vibration. Muscle Nerve 2011;43:259\u2013262. PMID:21254092, DOI:10.1002\/mus.21844","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.21844"},{"key":"64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"64. Lee JH, Kim SB, Lee KW, Lee SJ, Park H, Kim DW: The effect of a whole-body vibration therapy on the sitting balance of subacute stroke patients: a randomized controlled trial. Top Stroke Rehabil 2017;24:457\u2013462. PMID:28335701, DOI:10.1080\/10749357.2017.1305655","DOI":"10.1080\/10749357.2017.1305655"},{"key":"65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"65. Ashizawa T, Xia G: Ataxia. Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2016;22:1208\u20131226. PMID:27495205, DOI:10.1212\/CON.0000000000000362","DOI":"10.1212\/CON.0000000000000362"},{"key":"66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"66. Rensink M, Schuurmans M, Lindeman E, Hafsteinsd\u00f3ttir T: Task\u2010oriented training in rehabilitation after stroke: systematic review. J Adv Nurs 2009;65:737\u2013754. PMID:19228241, DOI:10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2008.04925.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2008.04925.x"},{"key":"67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"67. Jang SH, Kim YH, Cho SH, Lee JH, Park JW, Kwon YH: Cortical reorganization induced by task-oriented training in chronic hemiplegic stroke patients. Neuroreport 2003;14:137\u2013141. PMID:12544845, DOI:10.1097\/00001756-200301200-00025","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200301200-00025"},{"key":"68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"68. Ali AS, Darwish MH, Shalaby NM, Abbas RL, Soubhy HZ: Efficacy of core stability versus task oriented trainings on balance in ataxic persons with multiple sclerosis. A single blinded randomized controlled trial. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2021;50:102866. PMID:33652233, DOI:10.1016\/j.msard.2021.102866","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2021.102866"},{"key":"69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"69. Do\u011fan M, Ayvat E, K\u0131l\u0131n\u00e7 M: Telerehabilitation versus virtual reality supported task-oriented circuit therapy on upper limbs and trunk functions in patients with multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled study. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023;71:104558. PMID:36812718, DOI:10.1016\/j.msard.2023.104558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.104558"},{"key":"70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"70. Yigit S, Usgu S, Albayrak HM, Y\u00fccel PP, Yakut Y: Effectiveness of functional trunk training on trunk control and upper limb functions in patients with autosomal recessive hereditary ataxia. NeuroRehabilitation 2022;51:41\u201350. PMID:35311719, DOI:10.3233\/NRE-210320","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-210320"},{"key":"71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"71. Liu H, Yin H, Yi Y, Liu C, Li C: Effects of different rehabilitation training on balance function in stroke patients: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Arch Med Sci 2023;19:1671\u20131683. PMID:38058731, DOI:10.5114\/aoms\/167385","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms\/167385"},{"key":"72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"72. Ayvat E, K\u0131l\u0131n\u00e7 M, Ayvat F, Onursal K\u0131l\u0131n\u00e7 \u00d6, Aksu Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m S: The effect of whole body vibration on postural control of ataxic patients: a randomized controlled cross-over study. Cerebellum 2021;20:533\u2013541. PMID:33475935, DOI:10.1007\/s12311-021-01233-y","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-021-01233-y"},{"key":"73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"73. Johansson H, Sj\u00f6lander P, Sojka P: Activity in receptor afferents from the anterior cruciate ligament evokes reflex effects on fusimotor neurones. Neurosci Res 1990;8:54\u201359. PMID:2163050, DOI:10.1016\/0168-0102(90)90057-L","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-0102(90)90057-L"},{"key":"74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"74. Litvan I, Bhatia KP, Burn DJ, Goetz CG, Lang AE, McKeith I, Quinn N, Sethi KD, Shults C, Wenning GK, Movement Disorders Society Scientific Issues Committee: Movement Disorders Society Scientific Issues Committee report: SIC Task Force appraisal of clinical diagnostic criteria for Parkinsonian disorders. Mov Disord 2003;18:467\u2013486. PMID:12722160, DOI:10.1002\/mds.10459","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10459"},{"key":"75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"75. Horak FB, Wrisley DM, Frank J: The Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest) to differentiate balance deficits. Phys Ther 2009;89:484\u2013498. PMID:19329772, DOI:10.2522\/ptj.20080071","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20080071"},{"key":"76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"76. Seki M, Takahashi K, Koto A, Mihara B, Morita Y, Isozumi K, Ohta K, Muramatsu K, Gotoh J, Yamaguchi K, Tomita Y, Sato H, Nihei Y, Iwasawa S, Suzuki N, Keio Parkinson\u2019s Disease Database: Camptocormia in Japanese patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease: a multicenter study. Mov Disord 2011;26:2567\u20132571. PMID:21953897, DOI:10.1002\/mds.23955","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23955"},{"key":"77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"77. Cabrera-Martos I, Jim\u00e9nez-Mart\u00edn AT, L\u00f3pez-L\u00f3pez L, Rodr\u00edguez-Torres J, Ortiz-Rubio A, Valenza MC: Effects of a core stabilization training program on balance ability in persons with Parkinson\u2019s disease: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil 2020;34:764\u2013772. PMID:32349543, DOI:10.1177\/0269215520918631","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215520918631"},{"key":"78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"78. Gandolfi M, Tinazzi M, Magrinelli F, Busselli G, Dimitrova E, Polo N, Manganotti P, Fasano A, Smania N, Geroin C: Four-week trunk-specific exercise program decreases forward trunk flexion in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a single-blinded, randomized controlled trial. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2019;64:268\u2013274. PMID:31097299, DOI:10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2019.05.006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2019.05.006"},{"key":"79","unstructured":"79. Morrone M, Miccinilli S, Bravi M, Paolucci T, Melgari JM, Salomone G, Picelli A, Spadini E, Ranavolo A, Saraceni VM, DI Lazzaro V, Sterzi S: Perceptive rehabilitation and trunk posture alignment in patients with Parkinson disease: a single blind randomized controlled trial. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2016;52:799\u2013809. PMID:27171537"},{"key":"80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"80. Volpe D, Giantin MG, Manuela P, Filippetto C, Pelosin E, Abbruzzese G, Antonini A: Water-based vs. non-water-based physiotherapy for rehabilitation of postural deformities in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a randomized controlled pilot study. Clin Rehabil 2017;31:1107\u20131115. PMID:27512099, DOI:10.1177\/0269215516664122","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215516664122"},{"key":"81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"81. Arii Y, Sawada Y, Kawamura K, Miyake S, Taichi Y, Izumi Y, Kuroda Y, Inui T, Kaji R, Mitsui T: Immediate effect of spinal magnetic stimulation on camptocormia in Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2014;85:1221\u20131226. PMID:24780955, DOI:10.1136\/jnnp-2014-307651","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2014-307651"},{"key":"82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"82. Karthikbabu S, Ganesan S, Ellajosyula R, Solomon JM, Kedambadi RC, Mahabala C: Core stability exercises yield multiple benefits for patients with chronic stroke: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2022;101:314\u2013323. PMID:34001840, DOI:10.1097\/PHM.0000000000001794","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000001794"},{"key":"83","unstructured":"83. Shekelle PG, Woolf SH, Eccles M, Grimshaw J: Developing clinical guidelines. West J Med 1999;170:348\u2013351. PMID:18751155"},{"key":"84","unstructured":"84.OCEBM Levels of Evidence Working Group: Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine: Levels of Evidence (March 2009). https:\/\/www.cebm.ox.ac.uk\/resources\/levels-of-evidence\/oxford-centre-for-evidence-based-medicine-levels-of-evidence-march-2009."},{"key":"85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"85. Haruyama K, Kawakami M, Otsuka T: Effect of core stability training on trunk function, standing balance, and mobility in stroke patients. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2017;31:240\u2013249. PMID:27821673, DOI:10.1177\/1545968316675431","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968316675431"},{"key":"86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"86. Park HK, Lee HJ, Lee SJ, Lee WH: Land-based and aquatic trunk exercise program improve trunk control, balance and activities of daily living ability in stroke: a randomized clinical trial. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2019;55:687\u2013694. PMID:30370752","DOI":"10.23736\/S1973-9087.18.05369-8"},{"key":"87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"87. Van Criekinge T, Hallemans A, Herssens N, Lafosse C, Claes D, De Hertogh W, Truijen S, Saeys W: SWEAT2 Study: effectiveness of trunk training on gait and trunk kinematics after stroke: a randomized controlled trial. Phys Ther 2020;100:1568\u20131581. PMID:32542356, DOI:10.1093\/ptj\/pzaa110","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzaa110"},{"key":"88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"88. Cho YH, Cho K, Park SJ: Effects of trunk rehabilitation with kinesio and placebo taping on static and dynamic sitting postural control in individuals with chronic stroke: a randomized controlled trial. Top Stroke Rehabil 2020;27:610\u2013619. PMID:32252619, DOI:10.1080\/10749357.2020.1747672","DOI":"10.1080\/10749357.2020.1747672"},{"key":"89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"89. Kim DH, In TS, Jung KS: Effects of robot-assisted trunk control training on trunk control ability and balance in patients with stroke: a randomized controlled trial. Technol Health Care 2022;30:413\u2013422. PMID:34657856, DOI:10.3233\/THC-202720","DOI":"10.3233\/THC-202720"},{"key":"90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"90. Jung KS, Jung JH, In TS, Cho HY: Effects of pelvic stabilization training with lateral and posterior tilt taping on pelvic inclination, muscle strength, and gait function in patients with stroke: a randomized controlled study. BioMed Res Int 2022;2022:1\u20139. PMID:37333857, DOI:10.1155\/2022\/9224668","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/9224668"},{"key":"91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"91. Fujino Y, Amimoto K, Fukata K, Ishihara S, Makita S, Takahashi H: Does training sitting balance on a platform tilted 10\u00b0 to the weak side improve trunk control in the acute phase after stroke? A randomized, controlled trial. Top Stroke Rehabil 2016;23:43\u201349. PMID:26245847, DOI:10.1179\/1945511915Y.0000000010","DOI":"10.1179\/1945511915Y.0000000010"},{"key":"92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"92. Sheehy L, Taillon-Hobson A, Sveistrup H, Bilodeau M, Yang C, Finestone H: Sitting balance exercise performed using virtual reality training on a stroke rehabilitation inpatient service: a randomized controlled study. PM R 2020;12:754\u2013765. PMID:31970898, DOI:10.1002\/pmrj.12331","DOI":"10.1002\/pmrj.12331"},{"key":"93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"93. Jung KM, Joo MC, Jung YJ, Jang WN: The effects of the three-dimensional active trunk training exercise on trunk control ability, trunk muscle strength, and balance ability in sub-acute stroke patients: a randomized controlled pilot study. Technol Health Care 2021;29:213\u2013222. PMID:32568128, DOI:10.3233\/THC-181179","DOI":"10.3233\/THC-181179"},{"key":"94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"94. Jung K, Kim Y, Chung Y, Hwang S: Weight-shift training improves trunk control, proprioception, and balance in patients with chronic hemiparetic stroke. Tohoku J Exp Med 2014;232:195\u2013199. PMID:24646921, DOI:10.1620\/tjem.232.195","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.232.195"},{"key":"95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"95. Karthikbabu S, Chakrapani M, Ganesan S, Ellajosyula R, Solomon JM: Efficacy of trunk regimes on balance, mobility, physical function, and community reintegration in chronic stroke: a parallel-group randomized trial. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2018;27:1003\u20131011. PMID:29361348, DOI:10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.11.003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.11.003"},{"key":"96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"96. Shin DC: Smartphone-based visual feedback trunk control training for gait ability in stroke patients: a single-blind randomized controlled trial. Technol Health Care 2020;28:45\u201355. PMID:31104034, DOI:10.3233\/THC-191647","DOI":"10.3233\/THC-191647"},{"key":"97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"97. Thijs L, Voets E, Wiskerke E, Nauwelaerts T, Arys Y, Haspeslagh H, Kool J, Bischof P, Bauer C, Lemmens R, Baumgartner D, Verheyden G: Technology-supported sitting balance therapy versus usual care in the chronic stage after stroke: a pilot randomized controlled trial. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2021;18:120. PMID:34321042, DOI:10.1186\/s12984-021-00910-7","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-021-00910-7"},{"key":"98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"98. Aphiphaksakul P, Siriphorn A: Home-based exercise using balance disc and smartphone inclinometer application improves balance and activity of daily living in individuals with stroke: a randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2022;17:e0277870. PMID:36409753, DOI:10.1371\/journal.pone.0277870","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0277870"},{"key":"99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"99. Yeo SS, Koo DK, Ko SY, Park SY: Effect of balance training in sitting position using visual feedback on balance and gait ability in chronic stroke patients. J Clin Med 2023;12:4383. PMID:37445418, DOI:10.3390\/jcm12134383","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12134383"},{"key":"100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"100. Chan BK, Ng SS, Ng GY: A home-based program of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and task-related trunk training improves trunk control in patients with stroke: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2015;29:70\u201379. PMID:24795163, DOI:10.1177\/1545968314533612","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968314533612"},{"key":"101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"101. Saeys W, Vereeck L, Lafosse C, Truijen S, Wuyts FL, Van De Heyning P: Transcranial direct current stimulation in the recovery of postural control after stroke: a pilot study. Disabil Rehabil 2015;37:1857\u20131863. PMID:25401406, DOI:10.3109\/09638288.2014.982834","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2014.982834"},{"key":"102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"102. Choi SJ, Shin WS, Oh BK, Shim JK, Bang DH: Effect of training with whole body vibration on the sitting balance of stroke patients. J Phys Ther Sci 2014;26:1411\u20131414. PMID:25276025, DOI:10.1589\/jpts.26.1411","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.26.1411"},{"key":"103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"103. K\u0131l\u0131n\u00e7 M, Avcu F, Onursal O, Ayvat E, Savcun Demirci C, Aksu Yildirim S: The effects of Bobath-based trunk exercises on trunk control, functional capacity, balance, and gait: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Top Stroke Rehabil 2016;23:50\u201358. PMID:26260878, DOI:10.1179\/1945511915Y.0000000011","DOI":"10.1179\/1945511915Y.0000000011"},{"key":"104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"104. Dell\u2019Uomo D, Morone G, Centrella A, Paolucci S, Caltagirone C, Grasso MG, Traballesi M, Iosa M: Effects of scapulohumeral rehabilitation protocol on trunk control recovery in patients with subacute stroke: a pilot randomized controlled trial. NeuroRehabilitation 2017;40:337\u2013343. PMID:28222555, DOI:10.3233\/NRE-161421","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-161421"},{"key":"105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"105. Ahmed U, Karimi H, Amir S, Ahmed A: Effects of intensive multiplanar trunk training coupled with dual-task exercises on balance, mobility, and fall risk in patients with stroke: a randomized controlled trial. J Int Med Res 2021;49:03000605211059413. PMID:34812070, DOI:10.1177\/03000605211059413","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605211059413"},{"key":"106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"106. Bharti A, Balaji GK, Agrahara S: Effect of early bedside arm and leg cycle ergometry on sitting and standing ability in hospitalized acute stroke patients: a randomized controlled trial. Neurol India 2022;70:2065\u20132071. PMID:36352610, DOI:10.4103\/0028-3886.359229","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.359229"},{"key":"107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"107. Kerdsawatmongkon J, Nualnetr N, Isariyapan O, Kitreerawutiwong N, Srisoparb W: Effects of home-based boxing training on trunk performance, balance, and enjoyment of patients with chronic stroke. Ann Rehabil Med 2023;47:36\u201344. PMID:36635885, DOI:10.5535\/arm.22127","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.22127"},{"key":"108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"108. Choi W, Lee J, Lee S: Effects of lumbar joint mobilization on trunk function, postural balance, and gait in patients with chronic stroke: a randomized pilot study. J Back Musculoskeletal Rehabil 2023;36:79\u201386. PMID:35938238, DOI:10.3233\/BMR-200046","DOI":"10.3233\/BMR-200046"},{"key":"109","unstructured":"109. Elshafey MA, Abdrabo MS, Elnaggar RK: Effects of a core stability exercise program on balance and coordination in children with cerebellar ataxic cerebral palsy. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2022;22:172\u2013178. PMID:35642697"},{"key":"110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"110. Barbuto S, Martelli D, Isirame O, Lee N, Bishop L, Kuo SH, Agrawal S, Lee S, O\u2019Dell M, Stein J: Phase I single\u2010blinded randomized controlled trial comparing balance and aerobic training in degenerative cerebellar disease. PM R 2021;13:364\u2013371. PMID:32383352, DOI:10.1002\/pmrj.12401","DOI":"10.1002\/pmrj.12401"},{"key":"111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"111. Hubble RP, Silburn PA, Naughton GA, Cole MH: Trunk exercises improve balance in Parkinson disease: a phase II randomized controlled trial. J Neurol Phys Ther 2019;43:96\u2013105. PMID:30883497, DOI:10.1097\/NPT.0000000000000258","DOI":"10.1097\/NPT.0000000000000258"},{"key":"112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"112. Vasconcellos LS, Silva RS, Pach\u00eaco TB, Nagem DA, Sousa CO, Ribeiro TS: Telerehabilitation-based trunk exercise training for motor symptoms of individuals with Parkinson\u2019s disease: a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Telemed Telecare 2023;29:698\u2013706. PMID:34142896, DOI:10.1177\/1357633X211021740","DOI":"10.1177\/1357633X211021740"},{"key":"113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"113. Li K, Cho Y, Chen R: The effect of whole-body vibration on proprioception and motor function for individuals with moderate Parkinson disease: a single-blind randomized controlled trial. Occup Ther Int 2021;2021:1\u20139. PMID:34992511, DOI:10.1155\/2021\/9441366","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9441366"},{"key":"114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"114. Jean-Pascal Lefaucheur, Andr\u00e9 Aleman, Chris Baeken, David H. Benninger, J\u00e9r\u00f4me Brunelin, Vincenzo Di Lazzaro, Sa\u0161a R. Filipovi\u0107, Christian Grefkes, Alkomiet Hasan, Friedhelm C. Hummel, Satu K. J\u00e4\u00e4skel\u00e4inen, Berthold Langguth, Letizia Leocani, Alain Londero, Raffaele Nardone, Jean-Paul Nguyen, Thomas Nyffeler, Albino J. Oliveira-Maia, Antonio Oliviero, Frank Padberg, Ulrich Palm, Walter Paulus, Emmanuel Poulet, Angelo Quartarone, Fady Rachid, Irena Rektorov\u00e1, Simone Rossi, Hanna Sahlsten, Martin Schecklmann, David Szekely, Ulf Ziemann: Corrigendum to \u201cEvidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS): An update (2014\u20132018)\u201d [Clin. Neurophysiol. 131 (2020) 474\u2013528]. Clin Neurophysiol 2020;131:1168\u20131169. PMID:32122766, DOI:10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.02.003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.02.003"}],"container-title":["Progress in Rehabilitation Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/prm\/10\/0\/10_20250002\/_pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,18]],"date-time":"2025-01-18T05:13:39Z","timestamp":1737177219000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/prm\/10\/0\/10_20250002\/_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":114,"journal-issue":{"issue":"0","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2490\/prm.20250002","relation":{},"ISSN":["2432-1354"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2432-1354","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"article-number":"20250002"}}