{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,19]],"date-time":"2026-07-19T09:02:16Z","timestamp":1784451736446,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Discover STM Publishing Ltd.","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/sudanjp.com\/\/?sec=licenseinfo"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sudan J Paed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) led to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is a global health problem that occurred in waves and resulted in high mortality globally. This is a single-center retrospective study conducted in a Medical College\u00e2\u0080\u0099s dedicated COVID-19 hospital in India during the first wave (March-November 2020) and second wave (March-May 2021) of the COVID-19 pandemic on 104 children below 18 years of age to compare the clinical characteristics and outcome of COVID-19 patients during the first and second waves. During the first wave (n &amp;le; 57, 54.8%), the majority of children (n &amp;le; 36, 63.16%) were between 5\u00e2\u0080&amp;quot;18 years, but during the second wave (n &amp;le; 47, 62.09%), the majority of children (n &amp;le; 29, 61.70%) were below 5 years. Neonates outnumbered during the second wave (n &amp;le; 11, 23.4% vs. n &amp;le; 1, 1.8%). Asymptomatic patients (n &amp;le; 24, 42.1%) were common during the first wave, while severe-grade patients (n &amp;le; 19, 40.4%) were common during the second wave. During both waves, fever and respiratory distress were the common symptoms followed by cough. Respiratory distress (p &amp;le; 0.0003), C-reactive protein (p &amp;le; 0.008), peripheral oxygen saturation &amp;lt;94% (p &amp;le; 0.00002), and acidosis (p &amp;le; 0.001) were significantly higher during the second wave. Use of steroids and low-molecular-weight heparin was similar in two waves, but intensive care unit (ICU) admission (p &amp;le; 0.0031), oxygen via nasal prongs (p &amp;le; 0.0003), use of CPAP\/ BIPAP (p &amp;le; 0.031), blood and blood products (p &amp;le; 0.044), comorbidity (p &amp;le; 0.017), and mortality (p &amp;le; 0.008) were significantly higher during second wave.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.24911\/sjp.106-1717338401","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T00:21:45Z","timestamp":1782519705000},"page":"22-30","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative study of COVID-19 patients admitted during the first and second waves in a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India: a retrospective observational study"],"prefix":"10.24911","author":[{"given":"Dharmraj","family":"Maurya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ankur","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirawati","family":"Dewal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neha","family":"Srivastava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajeet","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10538","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"container-title":["Sudanese Journal of Paediatrics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ejmanager.com\/fulltextpdf.php?mno=204131","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,19]],"date-time":"2026-07-19T08:21:13Z","timestamp":1784449273000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ejmanager.com\/fulltextpdf.php?mno=204131"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24911\/sjp.106-1717338401","relation":{},"ISSN":["0256-4408"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0256-4408","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}