{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T16:47:42Z","timestamp":1762102062334},"publisher-location":"California","reference-count":0,"publisher":"International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The ability to solve probability word problems such as those found in introductory discrete mathematics textbooks, is an important cognitive and intellectual skill. In this paper, we develop a two-step end-to-end fully automated approach for solving such questions that is able to automatically provide answers to exercises about probability formulated in natural language.In the first step, a question formulated in natural language is analysed and transformed into a high-level model specified in a declarative language. In the second step, a solution to the high-level model is computed using a probabilistic programming system. On a dataset of 2160 probability problems,  our solver is able to correctly answer 97.5% of the questions given a correct model.  On the end-to-end evaluation, we are able to answer 12.5% of the questions (or 31.1% if we exclude examples not supported by design).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2017\/556","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,28]],"date-time":"2017-07-28T05:14:07Z","timestamp":1501218847000},"page":"3981-3987","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Solving Probability Problems in Natural Language"],"prefix":"10.24963","author":[{"given":"Anton","family":"Dries","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, KU Leuven"}]},{"given":"Angelika","family":"Kimmig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, KU Leuven"}]},{"given":"Jesse","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, KU Leuven"}]},{"given":"Vaishak","family":"Belle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Edinburgh"}]},{"given":"Luc","family":"de Raedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, KU Leuven"}]}],"member":"10584","event":{"number":"26","sponsor":["International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization (IJCAI)","University of Technology Sydney (UTS)","Australian Computer Society (ACS)"],"acronym":"IJCAI-2017","name":"Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,19]]},"theme":"Artificial Intelligence","location":"Melbourne, Australia","end":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,26]]}},"container-title":["Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,28]],"date-time":"2017-07-28T07:54:31Z","timestamp":1501228471000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ijcai.org\/proceedings\/2017\/556"}},"subtitle":[],"proceedings-subject":"Artificial Intelligence Research Articles","short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24963\/ijcai.2017\/556","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]}}}