{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T22:33:17Z","timestamp":1785277997099,"version":"3.55.0"},"publisher-location":"California","reference-count":0,"publisher":"International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Natural language processing (NLP) models are known vulnerable to adversarial examples, similar to image processing models. Studying adversarial texts is an essential step to improve the robustness of NLP models. However, existing studies mainly focus on analyzing English texts and generating adversarial examples for English texts. There is no work studying the possibility and effect of the transformation to another language, e.g, Chinese. In this paper, we analyze the differences between Chinese and English, and explore the methodology to transform the existing English adversarial generation method to Chinese. We propose a novel black-box adversarial Chinese texts generation solution Argot, by utilizing the method for adversarial English samples and several novel methods developed on Chinese characteristics. Argot could effectively and efficiently generate adversarial Chinese texts with good readability. Furthermore, Argot could also automatically generate targeted Chinese adversarial text, achieving a high success rate and ensuring readability of the Chinese.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2020\/351","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,8]],"date-time":"2020-07-08T12:12:10Z","timestamp":1594210330000},"page":"2533-2539","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Argot: Generating Adversarial Readable Chinese Texts"],"prefix":"10.24963","author":[{"given":"Zihan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsinghua University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingxuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsinghua University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsinghua University"},{"name":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsinghua University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhou","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UC Irvine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsinghua University"},{"name":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haixin","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsinghua University"},{"name":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology"},{"name":"Qi An Xin Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donghong","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsinghua University"},{"name":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10584","event":{"name":"Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}","theme":"Artificial Intelligence","location":"Yokohama, Japan","acronym":"IJCAI-PRICAI-2020","number":"28","sponsor":["International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization (IJCAI)"],"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,11]]},"end":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,17]]}},"container-title":["Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,9]],"date-time":"2020-07-09T02:14:37Z","timestamp":1594260877000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ijcai.org\/proceedings\/2020\/351"}},"subtitle":[],"proceedings-subject":"Artificial Intelligence Research Articles","short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24963\/ijcai.2020\/351","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]}}}