{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T06:27:41Z","timestamp":1789712861236,"version":"4.0.1"},"publisher-location":"California","reference-count":0,"publisher":"International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We present a novel negotiation model that allows an agent to learn how to negotiate during concurrent bilateral negotiations in unknown and dynamic e-markets. The agent uses an actor-critic architecture with model-free reinforcement learning to learn a strategy expressed as a deep neural network. We pre-train the strategy by supervision from synthetic market data, thereby decreasing the exploration time required for learning during negotiation. As a result, we can build automated agents for concurrent negotiations that can adapt to different e-market settings without the need to be pre-programmed. Our experimental evaluation shows that our deep reinforcement learning based agents outperform two existing well-known negotiation strategies in one-to-many concurrent bilateral negotiations for a range of e-market settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2020\/42","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,8]],"date-time":"2020-07-08T08:12:10Z","timestamp":1594195930000},"page":"297-303","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach to Concurrent Bilateral Negotiation"],"prefix":"10.24963","author":[{"given":"Pallavi","family":"Bagga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Holloway, University of London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Paoletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Holloway, University of London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bedour","family":"Alrayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Saud University, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kostas","family":"Stathis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Holloway, University of London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10584","event":{"name":"Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}","theme":"Artificial Intelligence","location":"Yokohama, Japan","acronym":"IJCAI-PRICAI-2020","number":"28","sponsor":["International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization (IJCAI)"],"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,11]]},"end":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,17]]}},"container-title":["Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,8]],"date-time":"2020-07-08T22:13:01Z","timestamp":1594246381000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ijcai.org\/proceedings\/2020\/42"}},"subtitle":[],"proceedings-subject":"Artificial Intelligence Research Articles","short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24963\/ijcai.2020\/42","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]}}}