{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T17:20:12Z","timestamp":1783444812145,"version":"3.54.6"},"publisher-location":"California","reference-count":0,"publisher":"International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Fairness has emerged as a critical problem in federated learning (FL). In this work, we identify a cause of unfairness in FL -- conflicting gradients with large differences in the magnitudes. To address this issue, we propose the federated fair averaging (FedFV) algorithm to mitigate potential conflicts among clients before averaging their gradients. We first use the cosine similarity to detect gradient conflicts, and then iteratively eliminate such conflicts by modifying both the direction and the magnitude of the gradients. We further show the theoretical foundation of FedFV to mitigate the issue conflicting gradients and converge to Pareto stationary solutions. Extensive  experiments on a suite of federated datasets confirm that FedFV compares favorably against state-of-the-art methods in terms of fairness, accuracy and efficiency. The source code is available at https:\/\/github.com\/WwZzz\/easyFL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2021\/223","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,11]],"date-time":"2021-08-11T11:00:49Z","timestamp":1628679649000},"page":"1615-1623","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":107,"title":["Federated Learning with Fair Averaging"],"prefix":"10.24963","author":[{"given":"Zheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory of Sensing and Computing for Smart Cities, School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoliang","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory of Sensing and Computing for Smart Cities, School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianzhong","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing and Information Systems, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenglu","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory of Sensing and Computing for Smart Cities, School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory of Sensing and Computing for Smart Cities, School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rongshan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory of Sensing and Computing for Smart Cities, School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10584","event":{"name":"Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}","theme":"Artificial Intelligence","location":"Montreal, Canada","acronym":"IJCAI-2021","number":"30","sponsor":["International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization (IJCAI)"],"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]]},"end":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]]}},"container-title":["Proceedings of the Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,11]],"date-time":"2021-08-11T11:02:06Z","timestamp":1628679726000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ijcai.org\/proceedings\/2021\/223"}},"subtitle":[],"proceedings-subject":"Artificial Intelligence Research Articles","short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24963\/ijcai.2021\/223","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}}}