{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T17:53:26Z","timestamp":1780941206160,"version":"3.54.1"},"publisher-location":"California","reference-count":0,"publisher":"International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being adopted to develop general-purpose AI agents. However, it remains challenging for these LLM-based AI agents to efficiently learn from feedback and iteratively optimize their strategies. To address this challenge, tremendous efforts have been dedicated to designing diverse feedback mechanisms for LLM-based AI agents. To provide a comprehensive overview of this rapidly evolving field, this paper presents a systematic review of these studies, offering a holistic perspective on the feedback mechanisms in LLM-based AI agents. We begin by discussing the construction of LLM-based AI agents, introducing a generalized framework that encapsulates much of the existing work. Next, we delve into the exploration of feedback mechanisms, categorizing them into four distinct types: internal feedback, external feedback, multi-agent feedback, and human feedback. Additionally, we provide an overview of evaluation protocols and benchmarks specifically tailored for LLM-based AI agents. Finally, we highlight the significant challenges and identify potential directions for future studies. The relevant papers are summarized and will be consistently updated at https:\/\/github.com\/kevinson7515\/Agents-Feedback-Mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2025\/1175","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T08:10:40Z","timestamp":1758269440000},"page":"10582-10592","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A Survey on the Feedback Mechanism of LLM-based AI Agents"],"prefix":"10.24963","author":[{"given":"Zhipeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Insitute of Technology, Shenzhen, China"},{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuefeng","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Insitute of Technology, Shenzhen, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kehai","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Insitute of Technology, Shenzhen, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Insitute of Technology, Shenzhen, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiucheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Insitute of Technology, Shenzhen, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Central South University, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong-Dong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Central South University, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaowei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Insitute of Technology, Shenzhen, China"},{"name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liqiang","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Insitute of Technology, Shenzhen, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Insitute of Technology, Shenzhen, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10584","event":{"name":"Thirty-Fourth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-25}","theme":"Artificial Intelligence","location":"Montreal, Canada","acronym":"IJCAI-2025","number":"34","sponsor":["International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization (IJCAI)"],"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,16]]},"end":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]]}},"container-title":["Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T11:36:21Z","timestamp":1758627381000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ijcai.org\/proceedings\/2025\/1175"}},"subtitle":[],"proceedings-subject":"Artificial Intelligence Research Articles","short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24963\/ijcai.2025\/1175","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}}}