{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T14:18:55Z","timestamp":1777385935288,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":3,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,1]],"date-time":"2001-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":978307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Rhinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,1]]},"abstract":"\n Since the late 1980s, the rabbit model for sinusitis has been widely used for experimental studies on sinusitis; however, the clinical relevance of these experimental data has been questioned. To elucidate the role of leukotrienes in the pathogenesis of sinusitis, leukotriene B\n 4<\/jats:sub>\n (LTB\n 4<\/jats:sub>\n ) levels were determined in acute Streptococcus pneumoniae sinusitis in this model. The rabbit model for acute maxillary sinusitis was utilized. Briefly, the right maxillary ostium of each New Zealand white rabbit was occluded with cyanoacrylate under general anesthesia. Twenty-four hours after occlusion, the occluded sinus received an inoculation of 10\n 8<\/jats:sup>\n Streptococcus pneumoniae (ATCC 10813) or a sham inoculation of saline alone. Rabbits were then sacrificed one week later, and the maxillary sinus mucosae were harvested. Leukotriene B\n 4<\/jats:sub>\n levels were determined by ELISA assay. LTB\n 4<\/jats:sub>\n levels in the sinuses inoculated with bacteria tended to be higher; however, statistical analysis did not reveal significant differences between the experimental and control groups. It is possible to reliably assess leukotriene B\n 4<\/jats:sub>\n levels in this model of sinusitis. Although the data suggest a trend for elevated LTB4 levels, statistical analysis did not support this conclusion. The study also demonstrated significant limitations in the current rabbit model for sinusitis; that is, the standard human sinus bacterial pathogens are minimally pathogenic in rabbit sinuses and the small size of the sinus limits the material available for assay. Further modifications of the model are necessary. After such adjustments, the role of leukotrienes in sinusitis may be further explored.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2500\/105065801781329383","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,18]],"date-time":"2007-07-18T19:46:11Z","timestamp":1184787971000},"page":"47-48","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Leukotriene B\n 4<\/sub>\n Levels in Rabbit Maxillary Sinusitis: Limitations of the Current Model"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Daniel B.","family":"Hurley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Otolaryngology, and Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University Health Sciences Center, the Theodore Cooper Surgical Research Institute, St. Louis, Missouri"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregory S.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Surgery, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University Health Sciences Center, the Theodore Cooper Surgical Research Institute, St. Louis, Missouri"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George A.","family":"Vogler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University Health Sciences Center, the Theodore Cooper Surgical Research Institute, St. Louis, Missouri"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yashwant","family":"Desponde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Surgery, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University Health Sciences Center, the Theodore Cooper Surgical Research Institute, St. Louis, Missouri"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin J.","family":"Citardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology and Communicative Disorders, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-105065801781329383","first-page":"376","volume":"20","author":"Stierna P.","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Otolaryngol"},{"key":"bibr2-105065801781329383","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949510410s03"},{"key":"bibr3-105065801781329383","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000236875"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Rhinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.2500\/105065801781329383","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.2500\/105065801781329383","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T09:34:31Z","timestamp":1777368871000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.2500\/105065801781329383"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,1]]},"references-count":3,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2500\/105065801781329383"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2500\/105065801781329383","relation":{},"ISSN":["1050-6586","1539-6290"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1050-6586","type":"print"},{"value":"1539-6290","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,1]]}}}