{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T16:35:14Z","timestamp":1780590914991,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oceanside Publications Inc.","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["allergy asthma proc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Patients with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (eCRSwNP) have poorer outcomes after endoscopic sinus surgery and a higher recurrence rate.  <jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold> This study aimed to investigate the profile of clinical symptoms of eCRSwNP\n and the related risk factors.  <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> We prospectively enrolled 298 inpatients with CRSwNP from February 2019 to December 2019. The patients were divided into eCRSwNP and non-eCRSwNP groups based on the percentage of blood eosinophils; the cutoff value was set at 3.05%.\n Clinical data on questionnaires, visual analog scale (VAS) scores, and laboratory tests were collected. The differences in clinical symptoms, including nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, olfactory disorders, and head and\/or facial pain, between the two groups were analyzed to identify the influential\n factors. Logistic analysis and receiver operating characteristic curves were used to determine the diagnostic benefit for the specific symptom in the patients in the eCRSwNP group.  <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Nasal congestion and olfactory disorders were significantly different between the\n eCRSwNP and non-eCRSwNP groups. The patients in the eCRSwNP group more frequently had concerns about olfactory disorders (p\u2009=\u20090.002), whereas patients in the non-eCRSwNP group mostly had nasal congestion (p\u2009=\u20090.001). The logistic analysis showed that the primary\n risk factors for olfactory disorders of eCRSwNP were disease duration (p\u2009=\u20090.014) and alcohol intake (p\u2009=\u20090.012). Olfactory disorders were not associated with the disease course of the eCRSwNP group but were correlated with the disease duration of non-eCRSwNP (p\u2009=\u20090.008).\n A VAS score for the olfactory disorders of &gt;5.75 could be used to predict the diagnosis of eCRSwNP (area under the curve, 0.674 [95% confidence intervals, 0.559\u20100.689]; P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).  <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> Olfactory disorder might be the major nasal symptom\n that could be used to distinguish a peripheral eosinophilia\u2010based definition of eCRSwNP and non-eCRSwNP. The disease duration was a limiting factor for using olfactory to distinguish two subgroups of nasal polyp. The investigation with regard to the accurate time boundary should be\n further addressed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2500\/aap.2021.42.210004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]],"date-time":"2021-05-13T10:11:09Z","timestamp":1620900669000},"page":"214-221","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Evaluation of nasal symptoms to distinguish eosinophilic from noneosinophilic nasal polyps based on peripheral blood"],"prefix":"10.2500","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Xiaodan","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengshuo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1355","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhino50E2","article-title":"EPOS 2012: European position paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps 2012. A summary for otorhinolaryngologists","volume":"50","author":"Fokkens","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2018.03.020","article-title":"Nasal polyposis pathophysiology: endotype and phenotype open issues","volume":"39","author":"Brescia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Otolaryngol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1080\/00016489.2018.1538567","article-title":"Role of blood inflammatory cells in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps","volume":"139","author":"Brescia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12644","article-title":"Novel scoringsystem and algorithm for classifying chronic rhinosinusitis: the JESREC study","volume":"70","author":"Tokunaga","year":"2015","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.07.049","article-title":"Pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis: inflammation","volume":"128","author":"Van Crombruggen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2018.07.005","article-title":"Increased expression of pendrin in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps","volume":"85","author":"Ito","year":"2019","journal-title":"Braz J Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.22507","article-title":"Diagnostic significance of blood eosinophil count in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps in Chinese adults.","volume":"122","author":"Hu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"B8","first-page":"93","article-title":"The value of sinonasal CT scan in diagnosing of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps","volume":"52","author":"Meng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"B9","first-page":"1","article-title":"European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2020","volume":"58(","author":"Fokkens","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1097\/01.moo.0000124938.46948.c7","article-title":"Categorization of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis","volume":"12","author":"Ferguson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2019.07.002","article-title":"Eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis","volume":"68","author":"Fujieda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Allergol Int"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22177","article-title":"Nasal airflow resistance measured by rhinomanometry in a healthy population of China","volume":"8","author":"Ren","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949510410s02","article-title":"Quantification for staging sinusitis. The Staging and Therapy Group","volume":"167","author":"Lund","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-5998(97)70005-6","article-title":"Staging for rhinosinusitis","volume":"117(","author":"Lund","year":"1997","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"B15","first-page":"S22","article-title":"International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: rhinosinusitis","volume":"6(","author":"Orlandi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhino16.248","article-title":"Position paper on olfactory dysfunction","volume":"54","author":"Hummel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rhinol Suppl"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.01.024","article-title":"The sense of smell in chronic rhinosinusitis","volume":"145","author":"Mullol","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2005.09.005","article-title":"Olfactory dysfunction in sinusitis with infiltration of numerous activated eosinophils","volume":"33","author":"Haruna","year":"2006","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s12950-016-0121-8","article-title":"Pathogenesis of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis","volume":"13","author":"Shah","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Inflamm (Lond)"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1080\/000164800750001189","article-title":"Assessment of smell and taste in patients with allergic rhinitis","volume":"120","author":"Rydzewski","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2018.09.001","article-title":"Asthma, rhinitis, and nasal polyp multimorbidities","volume":"55","author":"Castillo Vizuete","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch Bronconeumol"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhin15.271","article-title":"Cellular phenotyping of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps","volume":"54","author":"Lou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-006-0036-1","article-title":"Differential diagnosis of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis","volume":"6","author":"Sok","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Allergy Asthma Rep"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2012.12.005","article-title":"Risk factors for olfactory dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis","volume":"40","author":"Mori","year":"2013","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.01.014","article-title":"Mechanisms and treatment of olfactory dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis","volume":"124","author":"Mattos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ALC.0000057945.57330.2C","article-title":"Reduced olfactory sensitivity, discrimination, and identification in patients with alcohol dependence","volume":"27","author":"Rupp","year":"2003","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2018.07.051","article-title":"Evaluation of olfactory function in children with seasonal allergic rhinitis and its correlation with acoustic rhinometry","volume":"113","author":"Aksoy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"}],"container-title":["Allergy and Asthma Proceedings"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ingentaconnect.com\/content\/ocean\/aap\/2021\/00000042\/00000003\/art00012","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]],"date-time":"2021-05-20T09:22:34Z","timestamp":1621502554000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ingentaconnect.com\/content\/10.2500\/aap.2021.42.210004"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]]}},"alternative-id":["1088-5412(20210501)42:3L.214;1-"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2500\/aap.2021.42.210004","relation":{},"ISSN":["1088-5412"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1088-5412","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]]}}}