{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,21]],"date-time":"2024-07-21T19:50:34Z","timestamp":1721591434491},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Oceanside Publications Inc.","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["allergy asthma proc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Airway remodeling has been shown to be persistent in patients with asthma despite treatment with controller medications. Patients with early airflow obstruction may continue to experience poor lung function despite treatment.  <jats:bold>Objectives:<\/jats:bold> To\n determine whether early airflow obstruction in inner-city children with asthma persists despite guideline-based asthma care.  <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> In a retrospective study that used a cohort of inner-city children with asthma treated by using an asthma-specific disease management system,\n the patients were stratified into \u201clow\u201d or \u201chigh\u201d lung function groups at the time of the initial visit (high, forced expiratory volume in the first second of expiration [FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>] % predicted and FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub><jats:bold>\/<\/jats:bold>forced vital capacity [FVC] \u2265 80%; and\n low, FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>% predicted and FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\/FVC &lt; 80%). These patients then received National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute guideline\u2010based asthma treatment at regular follow-up intervals with spirometry performed at these visits as part of regular care. FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>%\n predicted and FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\/FVC were followed up for up to 10 years for both the high and low cohorts.  <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Over 10 years, the patients initially in the \u201chigh\u201d group maintained FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>% predicted and FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\/FVC at values similar to the\n initial visit (94 to 96% and 87 to 89%, respectively), whereas those in the low group had only slight increases of FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>% predicted and FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\/FVC over the same time (77 to 82% and 78 to 82%, respectively). Low FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>% predicted and FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\/FVC at the time\n of the first visit was significantly associated with an increased risk of low values of these lung functions over the next 3\u20105 years despite treatment. African American ethnicity and male gender were also associated with lower lung function over time.  <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> Early\n airflow obstruction in inner city children asthma is associated with poor lung function in later life despite guideline-based asthma care. Current asthma therapy may not affect pathways and leads to airway remodeling in children with asthma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2500\/aap.2021.42.210043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]],"date-time":"2021-06-30T05:02:15Z","timestamp":1625029335000},"page":"310-316","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Persistent airflow obstruction in inner-city children with asthma"],"prefix":"10.2500","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Kenny Y.","family":"Kwong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles County\/University of Southern California Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang Z.","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Care Administration, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emilio","family":"Jauregui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles County\/University of Southern California Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lyne","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles County\/University of Southern California Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1355","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2017-314541","article-title":"Gestational age at birth and wheezing trajectories at 3\u201311 years","volume":"103","author":"Leps","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch Dis 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