{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:55:35Z","timestamp":1787025335762,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oceanside Publications Inc.","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["allergy asthma proc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:bold>\n In recent years, interest in the effects of vitamin D on human health and the immune system has increased.\n Objective:<\/jats:bold>\n This study aimed to investigate the relationship of vitamin D with asthma severity, attacks, and clinical and functional parameters\n in adult patients with asthma who were living in different geographic regions in Turkey.\n Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n A total of 384 patients with stable asthma and 87 control subjects were included. A physical examination and a pulmonary function test were performed, and routine blood analyses\n and vitamin D levels were evaluated. Asthma Control Test was applied. The number of exacerbations in the previous year, asthma therapy, and medication adherence were recorded.\n Results:<\/jats:bold>\n In our study, vitamin D levels were below the target values in both patients with asthma\n (median [minimum-maximum] 16.0 ng\/mL [3.5\u201048 ng\/ml]) and control subjects (median [minimum-maximum] 20.0 ng\/mL [5.8\u201058.79 ng\/mL]). However, it was lower in the patients with asthma than in the control subjects (p = 0.001). There was a negative relationship between the levels\n of vitamin D and the severity of asthma (Kendall \u03c4 = \u22120.146; p < 0.001). Furthermore, the patients with severe asthma were received The Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) step 5 treatment showed significantly lower vitamin D compared with the patients who received GINA step 4\n treatment (p = 0.037). Vitamin D levels correlated with forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second of expiration (FEV\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n ), and peak expiratory flow (r, 0.221\u20100.236; p \u2264 0.001). In addition, a positive relationship was found between Asthma Control\n Test and vitamin D (r = 0.229; p = 0.001). However, body mass index (BMI), asthma exacerbation, and hospitalization were inversely related to vitamin D (r, 0.198\u20100.233; p = 0.001). Multivariable regression analysis revealed that FVC (p = 0.002), FEV\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n (p = 0.033), and BMI\n (p = 0.037) were independent determinants associated with vitamin D.\n Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n This study suggested a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in adults with asthma living in different geographic areas in Turkey. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with asthma severity,\n poor control, and lower lung function.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2500\/aap.2021.42.210056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]],"date-time":"2021-09-06T12:52:36Z","timestamp":1630932756000},"page":"e152-e158","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Does vitamin D deficiency in asthma affect clinical and functional parameters? A Turkish multicenter study"],"prefix":"10.2500","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Nurhan","family":"Sar\u0131oglu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the, Department of Chest Diseases, Medicine Faculty, Bal\u0131kesir University, Bal\u0131kesir, Turkey;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arzu Didem","family":"Yalc\u0131n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Antalya, Turkey;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fusun","family":"Sahin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chest Diseases, Yedikule Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sadan","family":"Soyyigit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergy and Immunology, Medicine Faculty, Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Beyaz\u0131t University, Ankara, Turkey; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatma Merve","family":"Tepetam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergy and Immunology, Sureyyapa\u015fa Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuat","family":"Erel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the, Department of Chest Diseases, Medicine Faculty, Bal\u0131kesir University, Bal\u0131kesir, Turkey;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1355","reference":[{"key":"B1","article-title":"The Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention","year":"2021"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.09.005","article-title":"Vitamin D in asthma: mechanisms of action and considerations for clinical trials","volume":"153","author":"Pfeffer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2014.00151","article-title":"Impact of vitamin D on immune function: lessons learned from genome-wide analysis","volume":"5","author":"Chun","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2010.02513.x","article-title":"Targeting the vitamin D receptor inhibits the B cell-dependent allergic immune response","volume":"66","author":"Hartmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2210","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200838216","article-title":"1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (3) promotes IL-10 production in human B cells","volume":"38","author":"Heine","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.09.044","article-title":"Vitamin D enhances the production of soluble ST2, inhibiting the action of IL-33","volume":"135","author":"Pfeffer","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1159\/000450951","article-title":"Calcitriol reduces eosinophil necrosis which leads to the diminished release of cytotoxic granules","volume":"171","author":"Ethier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12568","article-title":"Vitamins A and D have antagonistic effects on the expression of effector cytokines and gut-homing integrin in human innate lymphoid cells","volume":"45","author":"Ruiter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0000000000000187","article-title":"Vitamin D, and asthma: current perspectives","volume":"15","author":"Jiao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00029011","article-title":"Vitamin D and atopy and asthma phenotypes in children: a longitudinal cohort study","volume":"38","author":"Hollams","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2011.01190.x","article-title":"Serum micronutrient concentrations and childhood asthma: the PIAMA birth cohort study","volume":"22","author":"van Oeffelen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kws235","article-title":"Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and incident asthma in adults: the HUNT study","volume":"176","author":"Mai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12299","article-title":"The association of serum 25-OH vitamin D with atopy, asthma, and lung function in a prospective study of Danish adults","volume":"45","author":"Thuesen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2017.04.002","article-title":"Vitamin D and bronchial asthma: an overview of data from the past 5 years","volume":"39","author":"Hall","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.5603\/ARM.2018.0015","article-title":"Can vitamin D help in achieving asthma control? 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