{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T11:11:57Z","timestamp":1784545917060,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oceanside Publications Inc.","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["allergy asthma proc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Although paucigranulocytic asthma (PGA) is the most common phenotype of stable asthma, its features have not been adequately studied. In this study, we aimed to display the characteristics of PGA.  <jats:bold>Method:<\/jats:bold> A total of 116 non-smoking adult patients\n with asthma (80% women; mean \u00b1 standard deviation age, 39 \u00b1 12.9 years) admitted to three tertiary centers were included. Their demographic and clinical features, allergy status, biochemical results, scores of Asthma Control Test (ACT), spirometry, and exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO)\n measurements were obtained. Induced sputum cytometry was performed.  <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Four phenotypes, according to induced sputum cell counts, were detected: eosinophilic asthma (EA) (22.4%), mixed granulocytic asthma (MGA) (6.9%), neutrophilic (NA) (7.8%), and PGA (62.9%). In\n the sputum, macrophages were higher in the PGA group compared with the other groups (PGA versus NA and PGA versus MGA, p &lt; 0.001; and PGA versus EA, p =0 .030). The atopy rate between phenotypes was the same. Although the forced expiratory volume in the first second of expiration (FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>)\n was similar in four groups, the ratio of FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> to the forced vital capacity ratio was higher (p = 0.013) and FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> reversibility was lower in the patients with PGA than the corresponding values in other phenotypes (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.015). Low reversibility was comparable both\n in patients with PGA who were inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) naive and in patients on ICS treatment. Although insignificant, the FeNO values and blood eosinophil counts were higher in the MGA and EA groups, whereas these were the lowest in the PGA group. The uncontrolled asthma ratio was low\n in PGA (16%), whereas it was 11% for NA, 25% for MG, and 23% in EA.  <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> Macrophages are predominant in sputum of patients with PGA. Besides a lower uncontrolled asthma ratio, lower FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> reversibility is a prominent characteristic of this phenotype.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2500\/aap.2021.42.210060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]],"date-time":"2021-12-06T20:07:14Z","timestamp":1638821234000},"page":"530-536","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Paucigranulocytic asthma: Do sputum macrophages matter?"],"prefix":"10.2500","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Muge","family":"Olgac","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Immunology and Allergic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Semra Dolek","family":"Guler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncologic Cytology, Institute of Oncology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Semra","family":"Demir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Immunology and Allergic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derya","family":"Unal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology and Allergic Diseases, Hospital of University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Belk\u0131s","family":"Ertek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Immunology and Allergic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Z. Ferhan","family":"Ozseker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology and Allergic Diseases, Yedikule Chest Surgery and Chest Diseases Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bahauddin","family":"Colakoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Immunology and Allergic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Halim","family":"Issever","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raif","family":"Coskun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Immunology and Allergic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asl\u0131","family":"Gelincik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Immunology and Allergic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. 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