{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T06:03:17Z","timestamp":1784354597855,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Oceanside Publications Inc.","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["allergy asthma proc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>A differential diagnosis between angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) angioedema (AE) and histaminergic AE (hAE) might be challenging. Follow-up data may help discriminate these conditions but are scarcely reported.<jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold>To report on the follow-up of patients with suspected ACEi-AE and to describe the baseline characteristics of AE attacks in patients with a diagnosis of ACEi-AE after follow-up.<jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>Sixty-four patients with suspected ACEi-AE (<jats:italic>i.e.<\/jats:italic>, with exposure to ACEi before the first attack, no urticaria associated, and normal C1-inhibitor levels) and at least one follow-up visit were included. Data were retrospectively collected at baseline and during the follow-up.<jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>After the follow-up, the diagnosis of ACEi-AE was probable in only 30 patients. The remaining patients were reclassified as having probable hAE (21 patients) or undetermined-mechanism AE (13 patients). Patients with ACEi-AE were mostly men (61%), with a median age of 64 years (interquartile range [IQR] \u00b117 years), with a highly variable delay from ACEi introduction (median: 23 months; interquartile range: 103 months). Attacks preferentially involved lips (50%), tongue (47%), and throat (30%). Interestingly, patients with probable ACEi-AE after a follow-up also frequently presented with a history of allergy and atopic conditions (20%), attacks with preferential evening onset (25%), and spontaneous resolution in &lt; 24 hours (26%), which are usually considered as suggestive of hAE. ACEi-AE attacks responded to icatibant in 79% of the patients.<jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>Patients with probable ACEi-AE were mostly men with facial involvement. A third of the patients with an initial suspected diagnosis of ACEi-AE had a final diagnosis of probable hAE. Although a follow-up of all patients should be a standard of care, it is critical to the correct diagnosis in the case of suspected bradykinin-associated AE, which may actually be due to histamine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2500\/aap.2022.43.220005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]],"date-time":"2022-03-23T10:47:26Z","timestamp":1648032446000},"page":"155-162","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Initial characteristics and follow-up of patients with a diagnosis of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor induced angioedema"],"prefix":"10.2500","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Aurelien","family":"Chepy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Univ. 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