{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T05:13:23Z","timestamp":1775538803400,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oceanside Publications Inc.","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["allergy asthma proc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory condition. It is estimated that 60% of children with severe atopic dermatitis will go on to develop asthma. This study aimed to assess the presence and extent of early airway inflammation in infants with atopic dermatitis.\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    A total of 73 infants aged &lt;36 months were included in the study, which comprised a group with atopic dermatitis (n = 30), a group with persistent wheezing (n = 22), and a control group of healthy infants (n = 21). The subjects who exhibited persistent wheezing\n were selected according to the criteria set forth in the Asthma Predictive Index. Exhaled breath condensates (EBC) were collected via the R-tube method. The levels of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), OX40 ligand (OX40L), eotaxin, and interleukin-23 (IL-23) in EBCs were determined by using\n enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    No statistically significant difference was observed in the levels of TSLP and OX40L in EBC among the groups. Eotaxin showed a directionally higher level in the persistent wheezing group; the difference was attenuated\n after age adjustment and Bonferroni correction but persisted in the 12\u201030-month sensitivity analysis (persistent wheezing group versus controls, p = 0.011, Bonferroni adjusted). The atopic dermatitis and persistent wheezing groups had lower EBC IL-23 levels than did the controls (age-adjusted\n analyses, p &lt; 0.001).\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    This study is among the first to quantify TSLP, OX40L, eotaxin, and IL-23 in EBCs from infants with atopic dermatitis, those with persistent wheezing, and healthy controls. Eotaxin levels were directionally higher in the persistent wheezing\n group than in the controls; however, this difference did not remain statistically significant after age adjustment and Bonferroni correction, and should be interpreted as suggestive rather than confirmatory of eosinophil-associated airway inflammation. In a 12\u201030-month sensitivity analysis,\n the persistent wheezing group had a higher natural log\u2010transformed eotaxin concentration than did the controls (p = 0.011, Bonferroni adjusted), which supports this signal within a narrower age window. A lower EBC IL-23 level is biologically intriguing but should be interpreted cautiously\n given residual confounding and EBC variability.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2500\/aap.2026.47.260002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T04:35:38Z","timestamp":1773722138000},"page":"124-132","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Exhaled breath condensate thymic stromal lymphopoietin, OX40 ligand, eotaxin, and interleukin-23 in children with atopic dermatitis and persistent wheeze"],"prefix":"10.2500","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Cem","family":"Geyik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pediatrics, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Murat","family":"Cansever","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Allergy, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fulya","family":"Bektas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Allergy, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koray","family":"Dorterler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Allergy, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Berkay","family":"Saraymen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ERNAM Nanotechnology Research Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fulya","family":"Tahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Allergy, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1355","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00149-X","article-title":"Atopic dermatitis","volume":"387","author":"Weidinger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12546","article-title":"The atopic march: current insights into skin barrier dysfunction and epithelial cell-derived cytokines","volume":"278","author":"Han","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-018-0788-4","article-title":"Severe atopic dermatitis in children","volume":"18","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Allergy Asthma Rep"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ddmec.2012.09.003","article-title":"TSLP: a key regulator of asthma pathogenesis","volume":"9","author":"West","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drug Discov Today Dis Mech"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1586\/14789450.2013.814881","article-title":"Epidermal TSLP: a trigger factor for pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis","volume":"10","author":"Indra","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Rev Proteomics"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1398-9995.2000.00764.x","article-title":"Expression of eotaxin in induced sputum of atopic and nonatopic asthmatics","volume":"55","author":"Zeibecoglou","year":"2000","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199501193320301","article-title":"Asthma and wheezing in the first six years of life. The Group Health Medical Associates","volume":"332","author":"Martinez","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.2500\/aap.2011.32.3447","article-title":"Serum OX40 ligand levels in asthmatic children: a potential biomarker of severity and persistence","volume":"32","author":"Ezzat","year":"2011","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Proc"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.3109\/07853890.2011.577093","article-title":"Interleukin-23: a key cytokine in inflammatory diseases","volume":"43","author":"Duvallet","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-1730","article-title":"OX40\/OX40 ligand interactions in T-cell regulation and asthma","volume":"141","author":"Kaur","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(95)91336-X","article-title":"Disease concomitance in psoriasis","volume":"32","author":"Henseler","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S48","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00585919","article-title":"Contrasting disease patterns in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis","author":"Christophers","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-021-01474-x","article-title":"Collecting exhaled breath condensate from non-ventilated preterm-born infants: a modified method","volume":"91","author":"Urs","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7420","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.10.7420","article-title":"Low expression of the IL-23\/Th17 pathway in atopic dermatitis compared to psoriasis","volume":"181","author":"Guttman-Yassky","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20041257","article-title":"IL-23 drives a pathogenic T cell population that induces autoimmune inflammation","volume":"201","author":"Langrish","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4110\/in.2010.10.1.1","article-title":"Role of IL-23 and Th17 cells in airway inflammation in asthma","volume":"10","author":"Nakajima","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immune Netw"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3507","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830271252","article-title":"Enhanced expression of eotaxin and CCR3 mRNA and protein in atopic asthma. Association with airway hyperresponsiveness and predominant co-localization of eotaxin mRNA to bronchial epithelial and endothelial cells","volume":"27","author":"Ying","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4593","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.159.9.4593","article-title":"Increased expression of eotaxin in bronchoalveolar lavage and airways of asthmatics contributes to the chemotaxis of eosinophils to the site of inflammation","volume":"159","author":"Lamkhioued","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1186\/rr52","article-title":"Eotaxin and the attraction of eosinophils to the asthmatic lung","volume":"2","author":"Conroy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1997.6958","article-title":"Eotaxin expression and eosinophilic inflammation in asthma","volume":"236","author":"Mattoli","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3976","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.7.3976","article-title":"C-C chemokines in allergen-induced late-phase cutaneous responses in atopic subjects: association of eotaxin with early 6-hour eosinophils, and of eotaxin-2 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-4 with the later 24-hour tissue eosinophilia, and relationship to basophils and other C-C chemokines (monocyte chemoattractant protein-3 and RANTES)","volume":"163","author":"Ying","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2867","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21082867","article-title":"Skin barrier abnormalities and immune dysfunction in atopic dermatitis","volume":"21","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20051745","article-title":"Thymic stromal lymphopoietin: master switch for allergic inflammation","volume":"203","author":"Liu","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.07.013","article-title":"Filaggrin in atopic dermatitis","volume":"124","author":"O'Regan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/0923-1811(93)90767-J","article-title":"A speculative view of atopic dermatitis: barrier dysfunction in pathogenesis","volume":"5","author":"Ogawa","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2332\/allergolint.10-RAI-0270","article-title":"Filaggrin gene defects and the risk of developing allergic disorders","volume":"60","author":"Osawa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Allergol Int"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2505","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2010.143","article-title":"Injury to the stratum corneum induces in vivo expression of human thymic stromal lymphopoietin in the epidermis","volume":"130","author":"Angelova-Fischer","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971073","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.971073","article-title":"TSLP bronchoalveolar lavage levels at baseline are linked to clinical disease severity and reduced lung function in children with asthma","volume":"10","author":"Chorvinsky","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"}],"container-title":["Allergy and Asthma Proceedings"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ingentaconnect.com\/content\/ocean\/aap\/2026\/00000047\/00000002\/art00009","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T04:33:16Z","timestamp":1775536396000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ingentaconnect.com\/content\/10.2500\/aap.2026.47.260002"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]}},"alternative-id":["1088-5412(20260301)47:2L.124;1-"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2500\/aap.2026.47.260002","relation":{},"ISSN":["1088-5412"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1088-5412","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]}}}