{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T05:04:20Z","timestamp":1789535060054,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oceanside Publications Inc.","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["allergy asthma proc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:bold>\n Hereditary angioedema is a rare bradykinin-mediated disorder characterized by recurrent, unpredictable swelling attacks that can substantially impair quality of life.\n Objective:<\/jats:bold>\n The objectives were to describe attack triggers reported during\n the previous 4 weeks, compare the clinical impact of emotional and physical and\/or organic triggers on attack outcomes, Angioedema Control Test (AECT) based disease control, and quality of life; and, secondarily, to examine the associations of the attack burden with the AECT and Angioedema\n Quality of Life (AE-QoL) Questionnaire scores.\n Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n This single-center retrospective cross-sectional study included 50 adults with type I or type II hereditary angioedema followed up between January 2019 and October 2025. Data extracted from medical records included\n the number of attacks during the preceding 4 weeks, characteristics of the most severe attack, trigger category, disease control assessed by the AECT, and quality of life assessed by the AE-QoL Questionnaire. Triggers were grouped as emotional (stress\/sadness) or physical\/organic (trauma,\n infection, physical exertion, hormonal\/metabolic).\n Results:<\/jats:bold>\n The median age was 40.5 years, 54% of the patients were women, the median diagnostic delay was 16.5 years, and 82% had a positive family history of hereditary angioedema. Emotional stress was the most commonly\n reported trigger of the most severe attack (60%). No significant differences were observed between emotional and physical\/organic trigger groups in attack frequency, duration or severity of the most severe attack, emergency department visits, AECT-based disease control, or quality-of-life\n scores (all p\u2009>\u20090.05). Attack frequency was negatively correlated with AECT-based disease control (r = \u22120.631; p\u2009<\u20090.001) and positively correlated with quality-of-life impairment (r = 0.428; p\u2009=\u20090.002), with the strongest association in\n the fear\/shame domain (r = 0.500; p\u2009<\u20090.001). AECT-based disease control was strongly inversely correlated with quality-of-life impairment (r = \u22120.734; p\u2009<\u20090.001).\n Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n Emotional stress was the most frequently reported trigger\n of recent hereditary angioedema attacks. Although clinical outcomes did not differ according to trigger type, a higher attack frequency was associated with poorer AECT-based disease control and worse quality of life.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2500\/aap.2026.47.260043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T04:50:20Z","timestamp":1788583820000},"page":"354-361","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Determining the clinical impact of attack triggers in patients with hereditary angioedema"],"prefix":"10.2500","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Sukran","family":"Aslan Savas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatih","family":"Colkesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehmet Emin","family":"Gerek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ummugulsum 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