{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T14:28:01Z","timestamp":1777386481661,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,1]],"date-time":"2006-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1157068800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Rhinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recent studies have suggested that Staphylococcus aureus secrete superantigenic toxins that play a role in the etiology of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP). Twenty S. aureus superantigens (SAg's) have been identified, each of which bind the V\u03b2-region of the T-cell receptor (TCR) outside the peptide-binding site. Approximately 50 distinct V\u03b2-domains exist in the human repertoire, and distinct SAg's will bind only particular domains generating a pattern of V\u03b2-enrichment in lymphocytes dependent on the binding characteristics of a given toxin. The aim of this study was to analyze the pattern of V\u03b2-expression in polyp-derived lymphocytes from CRSwNP patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Polyps were harvested from 20 patients with CRSwNP and 3 patients with antrochoanal polyps. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the V\u03b2-repertoire of polyp-derived CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      and CD8\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      lymphocytes. Data were analyzed in light of the known skewing associated with SAg exposure in vivo and in vitro. Skewing was defined as a percentage of V\u03b2-expression &gt;2 SD of that seen in normal blood.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seven of 20 subjects exhibited skewing in V\u03b2-domains with strong associations with S. aureus SAg's. The three antrochoanal polyps failed to show any significant V\u03b2-skewing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study establishes evidence of S. aureus SAg\u2013T-cell interactions in polyp lymphocytes of 35% of CRSwNP patients. Although these results are consistent with intranasal exposure of polyp lymphocytes to SAg's, additional study is necessary to establish the role of these toxins in disease pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2500\/ajr.2006.20.2941","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,9]],"date-time":"2006-10-09T19:10:17Z","timestamp":1160421017000},"page":"534-539","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Superantigens and Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Skewing of T-Cell Receptor V\u03b2-Distributions in Polyp-Derived CD4\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    and CD8\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    T Cells"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"David B.","family":"Conley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anju","family":"Tripathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Immunology\u2013Department of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristin A.","family":"Seiberling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert P.","family":"Schleimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Immunology\u2013Department of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lydia A.","family":"Suh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Immunology\u2013Department of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Immunology\u2013Department of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary C.","family":"Paniagua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leslie C.","family":"Grammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Immunology\u2013Department of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert C.","family":"Kern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-ajr.2006.20.2941","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/hn.2003.v128.amhn0312811"},{"key":"bibr2-ajr.2006.20.2941","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8561(03)00103-6"},{"key":"bibr3-ajr.2006.20.2941","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-002-0027-9"},{"key":"bibr4-ajr.2006.20.2941","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-199107000-00007"},{"key":"bibr5-ajr.2006.20.2941","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/194589240301700601"},{"key":"bibr6-ajr.2006.20.2941","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2003.02203.x"},{"key":"bibr7-ajr.2006.20.2941","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12193-9"},{"key":"bibr8-ajr.2006.20.2941","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(02)00222-0"},{"key":"bibr9-ajr.2006.20.2941","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1521-6616(03)00167-0"},{"key":"bibr10-ajr.2006.20.2941","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2524876"},{"key":"bibr11-ajr.2006.20.2941","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.177.1.175"},{"key":"bibr12-ajr.2006.20.2941","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.22.8941"},{"key":"bibr13-ajr.2006.20.2941","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2473","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.144.7.2473","volume":"144","author":"Callahan J.E.","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"bibr14-ajr.2006.20.2941","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11212"},{"key":"bibr15-ajr.2006.20.2941","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-4141(199903)29:03<1021::AID-IMMU1021>3.0.CO;2-3"},{"key":"bibr16-ajr.2006.20.2941","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555576214218","volume":"76","author":"Neuber K.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"bibr17-ajr.2006.20.2941","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000168111.11802.9c"},{"key":"bibr18-ajr.2006.20.2941","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.07.013"},{"key":"bibr19-ajr.2006.20.2941","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2001.112374"},{"key":"bibr20-ajr.2006.20.2941","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.3.1719"},{"key":"bibr21-ajr.2006.20.2941","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.146.2.463","volume":"146","author":"Mollick J.A.","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"bibr22-ajr.2006.20.2941","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3988","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.157.9.3988","volume":"157","author":"Newton D.W.","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"bibr23-ajr.2006.20.2941","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1500"},{"key":"bibr24-ajr.2006.20.2941","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2000.104256"},{"key":"bibr25-ajr.2006.20.2941","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1398-9995.2003.00088.x"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Rhinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.2500\/ajr.2006.20.2941","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.2500\/ajr.2006.20.2941","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T09:36:17Z","timestamp":1777368977000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.2500\/ajr.2006.20.2941"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2500\/ajr.2006.20.2941"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2500\/ajr.2006.20.2941","relation":{},"ISSN":["1050-6586","1539-6290"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1050-6586","type":"print"},{"value":"1539-6290","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]}}}