{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T14:07:33Z","timestamp":1777385253159,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,1]],"date-time":"2010-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1277942400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Rhinol\ufffdAllergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common disease with a complex pathophysiology involving a microbial component. Culture-independent molecular analysis represents a promising new approach to clarify the microbiology of CRS, but standardized, optimized sampling methods still have not been defined. This study was designed to compare nucleic acid extraction rates and recovery of bacteria for two methods of sampling the maxillary sinus, mucosal biopsy, and brushing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Samples were obtained from 20 patients undergoing maxillary sinus surgery. Total extracted nucleic acid concentration and bacterial burden were compared between sample types.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Total nucleic acid concentration varied across patients. No statistically significant difference in mean total DNA concentration from mucosal biopsy specimens or brushings was observed. However, compared with biopsy specimens, brush samples possessed a significant (p &lt; 0.035) increase in bacterial copy number.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Endoscopically directed mucosal brushings of the maxillary sinus provide equivalent concentrations of total DNA to mucosal biopsy specimens but possess greater concentrations of bacterial DNA, likely because of the greater surface area sampled by this method. Given the additional advantage of lower risk associated with obtaining brush samples, we suggest they represent the preferred sampling method for future genomic sinus studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2010.24.3472","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,11]],"date-time":"2010-08-11T01:02:35Z","timestamp":1281488555000},"page":"263-265","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Nucleic Acid Extraction Efficiency and Bacterial Recovery from Maxillary Sinus Mucosal Samples Obtained by Brushing or Biopsy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Frederick C","family":"Roediger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole A.","family":"Slusher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silke","family":"Allgaier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neugenesis Corporation, 863 Mitten Road, Suite C, Burlingame, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven D.","family":"Pletcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew N.","family":"Goldberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan V.","family":"Lynch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-ajra.2010.24.3472","first-page":"205","volume":"10","author":"Blackwell D.L.","journal-title":"Vital Health Stat"},{"key":"bibr2-ajra.2010.24.3472","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2004.09.067"},{"key":"bibr3-ajra.2010.24.3472","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mhn.2002.121022"},{"key":"bibr4-ajra.2010.24.3472","first-page":"183","volume":"31","author":"Lund V.J.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"bibr5-ajra.2010.24.3472","unstructured":"GraphPad Software. 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