{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T21:16:34Z","timestamp":1781212594429,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]],"date-time":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325376000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Rhinol\ufffdAllergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Statins are the most commonly prescribed drugs for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Statins exert not only lipid-lowering but also other cellular effects, including antifibrotic properties. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of simvastatin on transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta-1\u2013induced myofibroblast differentiation and collagen production in nasal polyp-derived fibroblasts (NPDFs) and to verify the mechanism of the effect of simvastatin in TGF-beta-1\u2013induced myofibroblast differentiation in NPDFs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NPDFs were pretreated with simvastatin with or without mevalonate or Y-27643 for 2 hours before induction by TGF-beta-1. The expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA) and collagen type IV mRNA was determined by a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and the expression of alpha-SMA protein was determined by immunofluorescent cytochemical staining. Total soluble collagen production was analyzed by the SirCol collagen dye-binding assay (Biocolor, Belfast, U.K.). Phosphorylation of Smad 2\/3 was evaluated by Western blot analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In TGF-beta-1\u2013induced NPDFs, simvastatin significantly inhibited the expressions of \u03b1-SMA and collagen type IV mRNA and reduced alpha-SMA and collagen protein levels. Pretreatment with mevalonate reversed the effect of simvastatin. The expression of alpha-SMA mRNA and protein was significantly decreased by pretreatment with Y-27632. The TGF-beta-1\u2013induced expression of pSmad 2\/3 protein was notably decreased by pretreatment with simvastatin.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We showed that simvastatin inhibits TGF-beta-1\u2013induced myofibroblast differentiation (expression of alpha-SMA) and collagen production in NPDFs and Rho\/Rock and TGF-\u03b2\/Smad signaling is involved as an underlying mechanism. The results of our study suggest that simvastatin is a possible candidate for the suppression of nasal polyp formation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2012.26.3679","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,27]],"date-time":"2012-02-27T12:26:34Z","timestamp":1330345594000},"page":"7-11","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Effect of Simvastatin on Transforming Growth Factor Beta-1\u2013Induced Myofibroblast Differentiation and Collagen Production in Nasal Polyp-Derived Fibroblasts"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Il-Ho","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Se-Jin","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung-Sun","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"You-Mi","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-Hyeok","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae Hoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang Hag","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heung-Man","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Seoul, South Korea"},{"name":"Division of Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science Seoul, South Korea"},{"name":"Institute for Medical Devices Clinical Trial Center, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-ajra.2012.26.3679","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-199206000-00013"},{"key":"bibr2-ajra.2012.26.3679","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199602000-00017"},{"key":"bibr3-ajra.2012.26.3679","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016489850182945"},{"key":"bibr4-ajra.2012.26.3679","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199707000-00018"},{"key":"bibr5-ajra.2012.26.3679","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.2.207"},{"key":"bibr6-ajra.2012.26.3679","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21723"},{"key":"bibr7-ajra.2012.26.3679","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2009.02.007"},{"key":"bibr8-ajra.2012.26.3679","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00447.2003"},{"key":"bibr9-ajra.2012.26.3679","first-page":"976","volume":"57","author":"Ishizaki T.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"bibr10-ajra.2012.26.3679","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016488709134709"},{"key":"bibr11-ajra.2012.26.3679","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.2003.83.3.835"},{"key":"bibr12-ajra.2012.26.3679","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.21.6.3720"},{"key":"bibr13-ajra.2012.26.3679","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.124.12.1361"},{"key":"bibr14-ajra.2012.26.3679","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(94)90379-4"},{"key":"bibr15-ajra.2012.26.3679","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2010.24.3520"},{"key":"bibr16-ajra.2012.26.3679","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1568-9972(03)00049-1"},{"key":"bibr17-ajra.2012.26.3679","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2010.24.3455"},{"key":"bibr18-ajra.2012.26.3679","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0704173"},{"key":"bibr19-ajra.2012.26.3679","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M507771200"},{"key":"bibr20-ajra.2012.26.3679","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.6577"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Rhinology &amp; 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