{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T16:38:06Z","timestamp":1779381486447,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,1]],"date-time":"2012-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1335830400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Rhinol\ufffdAllergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">The use of saline and topical medications in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is now common practice among otolaryngologists. Although high-level studies have consistently shown the benefit of saline in symptom improvement of CRS patients, to date, only lower-level evidence exists advocating a benefit of other topical medications.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Recently, increased interest has emerged surrounding the devices used to deliver such therapies with mounting evidence consistently showing contamination with pathogenic organisms such as<\/jats:italic>\n                      Staphylococcus aureus\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">and<\/jats:italic>\n                      Pseudomonas aeruginosa.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">In addition, the potential for such contamination to cross-infect sinus cavities and lead to postoperative infections is also of concern.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">This review examines the current evidence available concerning the issue of contamination and its clinical relevance and offers the otolaryngologist advice on patient education when dispensing such devices.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2012.26.3747","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,6]],"date-time":"2012-07-06T16:42:18Z","timestamp":1341592938000},"page":"201-203","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Contamination of Sinus Irrigation Devices: A Review of the Evidence and Clinical Relevance"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Alkis J.","family":"Psaltis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, and University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Foreman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, and University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter-John","family":"Wormald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, and University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodney J.","family":"Schlosser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajr.2007.21.3047"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","first-page":"CD006394","article-title":"Nasal saline irrigations for the symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis.","author":"Harvey R.","year":"2007","unstructured":"HarveyR., HannanS.A., BadiaL., and ScaddingG.. Nasal saline irrigations for the symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev: CD006394, July 18, 2007.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev:"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000149463.95950.c5"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2008.04.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mhn.2001.115909"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajr.2008.22.3193"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2009.23.3366"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.201006-038RN"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21031"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.20047"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2009.23.3338"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","first-page":"458","article-title":"Identification of bacterial contaminants in sinus irrigation bottles from chronic rhinosinusitis patients.","volume":"39","author":"Lewenza S.","year":"2010","unstructured":"LewenzaS., Charron-MazenodL., ChoJ.J., and MechorB.. Identification of bacterial contaminants in sinus irrigation bottles from chronic rhinosinusitis patients. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 39: 458\u2013463, 2010.","journal-title":"J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2010.24.3481"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Rhinology &amp; Allergy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.2500\/ajra.2012.26.3747","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.2500\/ajra.2012.26.3747","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.2500\/ajra.2012.26.3747","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T09:33:43Z","timestamp":1777368823000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.2500\/ajra.2012.26.3747"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2500\/ajra.2012.26.3747"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2500\/ajra.2012.26.3747","relation":{},"ISSN":["1945-8924","1945-8932"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1945-8924","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-8932","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]}}}