{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T14:18:09Z","timestamp":1777385889447,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,1]],"date-time":"2013-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377993600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Rhinol\ufffdAllergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      T lymphocytes are prevalent in sinus mucosa and are implicated in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) pathogenesis. However, the major T-cell subpopulations, helper (CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) and cytotoxic (CD8\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), have not been adequately examined in CRS. This study was designed to characterize human sinus mucosa and peripheral blood (PB) CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      and CD8\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T cells and their level of differentiation in CRS with nasal polyps (NPs), CRS without NPs, and control patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A prospective study was performed. Percentages of CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      and CD8\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T cells and their levels of differentiation were analyzed in sinus mucosa and PB by flow cytometry. Cell populations were defined as naive, central memory, effector memory, and effector T cells using cell surface markers CD45RA, CD62L, and CD27. The influence of coexisting allergy, sinus eosinophilic mucus (EM), and culture results were examined.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In all patients, sinus mucosa had a lower percentage of CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      and a higher percentage of CD8\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T cells compared with PB. However, CRS with NPs (n = 86) had a significantly higher percentage of mucosal CD8\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T cells compared with CRS without NPs (n = 40) in control (n = 13) patients (p &lt; 0.0001). Effector memory T cells were increased in sinuses compared with PB in all patients; however, the percentage of effector memory CD8\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T cells was greatest in CRS with NP mucosa (p = 0.002). Surprisingly coexisting allergy or culture results did not influence the mucosal T-cell phenotype. CRS with NP patients with sinus EM had a significantly higher percentage of mucosal CD8\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T cells.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sinus mucosa in CRS with NPs is characterized by a significant enrichment of CD8\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T cells and a relative deficiency of CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T cells. The majority of NP CD8\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T cells had a terminally differentiated, mature, effector memory phenotype, which raises the question, whether these cells are pathogenic or appear as a consequence of inflammation, independent of the presence of allergy or positive microbial culture.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2013.27.3958","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,8]],"date-time":"2013-10-08T20:52:12Z","timestamp":1381265532000},"page":"e117-e126","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Accumulation of Effector Memory CD8\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    T Cells in Nasal Polyps"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Harshita","family":"Pant","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dijana","family":"Miljkovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Schembri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Wormald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peta","family":"Macardle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University of South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Randall","family":"Grose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women's and Children's Health Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heddy","family":"Zola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women's and Children's Health Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Doreen","family":"Krumbiegel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women's and Children's Health Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-ajra.2013.27.3958","volume-title":"Chronic respiratory diseases in Australia: Their prevalence, consequences and prevention.","author":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIWH).","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr2-ajra.2013.27.3958","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.08.004"},{"key":"bibr3-ajra.2013.27.3958","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000224508.59725.19"},{"key":"bibr4-ajra.2013.27.3958","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21805"},{"key":"bibr5-ajra.2013.27.3958","first-page":"181","volume":"23","author":"Gelardi M.","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Biol Regul Homeost 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