{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T19:21:33Z","timestamp":1790364093867,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]],"date-time":"2013-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1383264000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Rhinol\ufffdAllergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is one of the most common chronic medical conditions, with a significant impact on patient quality of life. CRS is broadly classified into two groups: CRS with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) and CRS without NP (CRSsNP). Clinically, the major subtypes of CRSwNP may be divided into eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (e.g., allergic fungal rhinosinusitis and aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease [AERD]) and nasal polyps associated with neutrophilic inflammation (e.g., cystic fibrosis [CF]). CF is characterized by mutation of the gene encoding the CF transmembrane conductance regulator. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery is usually required for most NP patients with increased frequency in patients with AERD. This study provides a review of the epidemiology and major classification of CRSwNP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A review was performed of the literature regarding different subtypes of CRSwNP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Many definitions of CRSwNP exist and estimates of prevalence vary.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CRSwNP is a clinical syndrome with a heterogeneous inflammatory profile. Of the subtypes associated with eosinophilic inflammation, AERD remains the most recalcitrant to medical and surgical therapeutic interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2013.27.3981","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,22]],"date-time":"2013-11-22T23:54:05Z","timestamp":1385164445000},"page":"473-478","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":132,"title":["Epidemiology and Differential Diagnosis of Nasal Polyps"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Mohamad R.","family":"Chaaban","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, the Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, Birmingham, Alabama"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika M.","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, the Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, Birmingham, Alabama"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradford A.","family":"Woodworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, the Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, Birmingham, Alabama"},{"name":"University of Alabama\u2013Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajr.2008.22.3228"},{"key":"bibr2-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-59989770001-9"},{"key":"bibr3-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2007.07.021"},{"key":"bibr4-ajra.2013.27.3981","first-page":"1","volume":"50","author":"Fokkens WJ","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"bibr5-ajra.2013.27.3981","first-page":"1","volume":"23","author":"Fokkens WJ","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rhinol Suppl"},{"key":"bibr6-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhino10.295","volume":"49","author":"Alobid I","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"bibr7-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-004-1597-x"},{"key":"bibr8-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2009.02011.x"},{"key":"bibr9-ajra.2013.27.3981","first-page":"1","volume":"194","author":"Collins JG","year":"1997","journal-title":"Vital Health Stat 10"},{"key":"bibr10-ajra.2013.27.3981","first-page":"1","volume":"242","author":"Pleis JR","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vital Health Stat 10"},{"key":"bibr11-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2011.02709.x"},{"key":"bibr12-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.130.3.320"},{"key":"bibr13-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940311200709"},{"key":"bibr14-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200307000-00016"},{"key":"bibr15-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2006.01225.x"},{"key":"bibr16-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2011.25.3645"},{"key":"bibr17-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/28.4.717"},{"key":"bibr18-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0196-0709(94)90056-6"},{"key":"bibr19-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016480252814199"},{"key":"bibr20-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/hn.2003.v128.amhn0312811"},{"key":"bibr21-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.07.008"},{"key":"bibr22-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.01.079"},{"key":"bibr23-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2007.07.036"},{"key":"bibr24-ajra.2013.27.3981","first-page":"689","volume":"54","author":"Jareonchasri P","year":"2002","journal-title":"Siriraj Hosp Gaz"},{"key":"bibr25-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/194589240401800105"},{"key":"bibr26-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.07.007"},{"key":"bibr27-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.159.2.9801022"},{"key":"bibr28-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.20003"},{"key":"bibr29-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200005000-00010"},{"key":"bibr30-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.132.2.173"},{"key":"bibr31-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.08.012"},{"key":"bibr32-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mhn.2002.128896"},{"key":"bibr33-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016480410018133"},{"key":"bibr34-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.45881-0"},{"key":"bibr35-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2005.10.047"},{"key":"bibr36-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4065\/74.9.877"},{"key":"bibr37-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.03.049"},{"key":"bibr38-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2001.112374"},{"key":"bibr39-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2004.00621.x"},{"key":"bibr40-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e3181567a7a"},{"key":"bibr41-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2012.06.015"},{"key":"bibr42-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200106000-00015"},{"key":"bibr43-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(90)90156-X"},{"key":"bibr44-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2000.109913"},{"key":"bibr45-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019459989411100508"},{"key":"bibr46-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198907000-00003"},{"key":"bibr47-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(98)70125-3"},{"key":"bibr48-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(98)70126-5"},{"key":"bibr49-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.09.029"},{"key":"bibr50-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199810000-00012"},{"key":"bibr51-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21090"},{"key":"bibr52-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.12.286"},{"key":"bibr53-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e318123f2d7"},{"key":"bibr54-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)62222-3"},{"key":"bibr55-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/108854193778774065"},{"key":"bibr56-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-8707(67)90076-7"},{"key":"bibr57-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)62084-4"},{"key":"bibr58-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.328.7437.434"},{"key":"bibr59-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)62221-1"},{"key":"bibr60-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/CRIAI:24:2:159"},{"key":"bibr61-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2011.25.3660"},{"key":"bibr62-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1398-9995.2002.13508.x"},{"key":"bibr63-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1988.tb02838.x"},{"key":"bibr64-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.03.028"},{"key":"bibr65-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/hmed.2010.71.8.77666"},{"key":"bibr66-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.55.suppl_2.S84"},{"key":"bibr67-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-002-0089-8"},{"key":"bibr68-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2009.50.6.744"},{"key":"bibr69-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3003.2000.016003432.x"},{"key":"bibr70-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2003.1487"},{"key":"bibr71-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1027\/0838-1925.11.4.130"},{"key":"bibr72-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2012.26.3802"},{"key":"bibr73-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1976.tb01896.x"},{"key":"bibr74-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/CRIAI:24:2:169"},{"key":"bibr75-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.09.048"},{"key":"bibr76-ajra.2013.27.3981","first-page":"137","volume":"105","author":"Baenkler HW","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"bibr77-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra043184"},{"key":"bibr78-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2475911"},{"key":"bibr79-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(98)70344-0"},{"key":"bibr80-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00020840-200302000-00009"},{"key":"bibr81-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOO.0b013e3282fdc3c5"},{"key":"bibr82-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199608000-00018"},{"key":"bibr83-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/146.5.589"},{"key":"bibr84-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00179910"},{"key":"bibr85-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00977665"},{"key":"bibr86-ajra.2013.27.3981","first-page":"313","volume":"76","author":"Neely JG","year":"1972","journal-title":"Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol"},{"key":"bibr87-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajr.2007.21.2905"},{"key":"bibr88-ajra.2013.27.3981","first-page":"233","volume":"48","author":"Seifert CM","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"bibr89-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000992288902800914"},{"key":"bibr90-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019459989411100120"},{"key":"bibr91-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.109.1.e13"},{"key":"bibr92-ajra.2013.27.3981","first-page":"177","volume":"6","author":"Cohen NA","year":"1976","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"bibr93-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20930"},{"key":"bibr94-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21921"},{"key":"bibr95-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.23278"},{"key":"bibr96-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2010.05.021"},{"key":"bibr97-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20871","volume":"120","author":"Virgin F","year":"2010","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"bibr98-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21798"},{"key":"bibr99-ajra.2013.27.3981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2011.25.3643"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Rhinology &amp; Allergy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.2500\/ajra.2013.27.3981","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.2500\/ajra.2013.27.3981","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.2500\/ajra.2013.27.3981","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T09:34:28Z","timestamp":1777368868000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.2500\/ajra.2013.27.3981"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"references-count":99,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2500\/ajra.2013.27.3981"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2500\/ajra.2013.27.3981","relation":{},"ISSN":["1945-8924","1945-8932"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1945-8924","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-8932","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]}}}