{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T16:17:01Z","timestamp":1780503421807,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,1]],"date-time":"2014-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1393632000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Rhinol\ufffdAllergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Previous research suggested that the biofilm of Staphylococcus aureus contributes greatly to the recalcitrant nature of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). However, the lack of a simple and stable animal model limited further study in this field. The aim of this study was to ate a convenient animal model of S. aureus biofilms in the maxillary sinus of rabbit.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>New Zealand white rabbits were used as model animals and incised vertically along the median line of the nasal dorsum to expose the anterolateral wall of maxillary sinus, on which a 1.5-mm-diameter hole was drilled to enter the sinus cavity. Through the hole, a piece of gelatin sponge was inserted and then inoculated bacterial suspension into the maxillary sinus. One to 8 weeks after the surgery, the sinus mucosa were harvested and examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) staining.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All rabbits tolerated the surgical procedures and had developed sinusitis by the time they were killed. SEM revealed that biofilms were presented in 100% of rabbits who had bacteria infected for \u22652 weeks, during which the ciliated epithelial cells were encapsulated and gradually destroyed. H&amp;E staining revealed morphological changes of the epithelial cells and infiltration of inflammatory cells in subepithelial layer, which showed a strong correlation with the results of SEM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This biofilm model of sinusitis avoids excessive damage to the nasal cavity and sinuses of the rabbits. It may be a desirable animal model for studying the pathogenesis and eradication strategies of bacterial biofilms in sinusitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2014.28.4030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,18]],"date-time":"2014-03-18T19:47:16Z","timestamp":1395172036000},"page":"e115-e119","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["A Simple Animal Model of\n                    <i>Staphylococcus Aureus<\/i>\n                    Biofilm in Sinusitis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Minghui","family":"Jia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongchun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck 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