{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T14:21:18Z","timestamp":1777386078602,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,1]],"date-time":"2014-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1414800000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Rhinol\ufffdAllergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma may be associated, bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR) is quite common in AR patients. Methacholine (MCH) is a stimulus able to elicit BHR, as many other ones. Phenotyping AR is an up-to-date issue.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to evaluate whether MCH bronchial challenge is able to differentiate patients with AR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 298 patients (277 males, mean age 28.9 years), suffering from AR were evaluated. Sensitization, rhinitis duration, values for bronchial function (forced vital capacity [FVC], forced expiratory volume [FEV]\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      , forced expiratory flow [FEF]\n                      <jats:sub>25-75<\/jats:sub>\n                      , and FEV\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      \/FVC ratio), MCH bronchial challenge, visual analog scale (VAS) for nasal and bronchial symptoms perception, and fractioned exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) were evaluated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      BHR-positive patients (22.8%) had significantly more frequent mite allergy (p = 0.025), longer AR duration (p &lt; 0.001), lower FEV\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      ( p = 0.003), FEV\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      \/FVC (p &lt; 0.001), FEF\n                      <jats:sub>25\u201375<\/jats:sub>\n                      ( p &lt; 0.001), higher (p &lt; 0.001), and higher VAS values for both nasal and bronchial symptoms (p &lt; 0.001 for both) in comparison with BHR-negative patients. FeNO can be considered a good predictor for BHR in AR patients (area under the curve, 0.90) with 27.0 ppb as cutoff.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present study demonstrates that BHR to MCH could define two distinct phenotypes in AR patients. It could be clinically relevant as BHR-positive patients have initial impairment of lung function, impaired FeNO values, a worsening of respiratory symptoms perception.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2014.28.4124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,2]],"date-time":"2014-12-02T19:13:27Z","timestamp":1417547607000},"page":"e214-e218","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Allergic Rhinitis Phenotypes Based on Bronchial Hyperreactivity to Methacholine"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Ciprandi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino, Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabio Luigi Massimo","family":"Ricciardolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respiratory Disease, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Schiavetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Science Department, Genoa University, Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ignazio","family":"Cirillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Navy Medical Service, La Spezia, 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