{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T14:22:17Z","timestamp":1777386137703,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,1]],"date-time":"2015-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1435708800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Rhinol\ufffdAllergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The actions of glucocorticoids in target tissues depend on the local metabolism of glucocorticoids catalyzed by 11\u03b2 hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) 1 and 2. Glucocorticoids are the most effective anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of nasal polyps. However, the mechanisms that underlie the anti-inflammatory effects are unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present study analyzed the expression of 11\u03b2-HSD1, 11\u03b2-HSD2, and steroidogenic enzymes (cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily B, polypeptide 1 [CYP11B1]; cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 [CYP11A1]) in nasal polyp tissues, and endogenous cortisol levels in nasal polyp\u2013derived epithelial cells.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The expression levels and distribution pattern of 11\u03b2-HSD1, 11\u03b2-HSD2, CYP11B1, and CYP11A1 were determined in nasal polyp tissues or nasal polyp\u2013derived epithelial cells by using real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry testing. The expression levels of cortisol by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were determined in cultured polyp\u2013derived epithelial cells treated with adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), 11\u03b2-HSD1 inhibitor, or small interfering ribonucleic acid technique. The effect of glucocorticoids on the expression levels of these enzymes was investigated in cultured cells.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Expressed in nasal polyp tissues and nasal polyp\u2013derived epithelial cells were 11\u03b2-HSD1, 11\u03b2-HSD2, CYP11B1, and CYP11A1. Cortisol production in cultured epithelial cells was decreased in cells treated with 11\u03b2-HSD1 small interfering ribonucleic acid or inhibitor, compared with nontreated cells. Cultured cells treated with adrenocorticotropic hormone induced increased cortisol production. 11\u03b2-HSD1 expression levels were upregulated in cells treated with glucocorticoid.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Analysis of these results indicated that 11\u03b2-HSD1 expressed in polyp-derived epithelial cells may be involved in the anti-inflammatory function of glucocorticoid in the treatment of nasal polyps, which contributes to increased levels of endogenous cortisol.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2015.29.4185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,8]],"date-time":"2015-07-08T21:06:08Z","timestamp":1436389568000},"page":"246-250","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Expression of 11\u03b2-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 and 2 in Nasal Polyp\u2013Derived Epithelial Cells and its Possible Contribution to Glucocorticoid Activation in Nasal Polyp"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Jin Ho","family":"Kook","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyun Jin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyung Won","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Se 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