{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T14:15:28Z","timestamp":1777385728597,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,1]],"date-time":"2016-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1467331200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Rhinol\ufffdAllergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Wogonin has been shown to have antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects in the lower airway. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of wogonin on transforming growth factor (TGF) \u03b21\u2013induced myofibroblast differentiation, extracellular matrix production, migration, and collagen contraction, and to determine the molecular mechanisms of wogonin in nasal polyp\u2013derived fibroblasts (NPDF).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NPDFs were isolated from nasal polyps from eight patients. TGF-\u03b21\u2013induced NPDFs were treated with wogonin. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by using a 3-(4,5- dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay. Fibroblast migration was evaluated with transwell and scratch migration assays. The expression levels of \u03b1-smooth muscle actin, fibronectin, phosphorylated-p38, and c-Fos were determined by Western blot and\/or reverse transcription\u2013polymerase chain reaction. The total collagen amount was analyzed with the Sircol collagen assay, and contractile activity was measured by a collagen gel contraction assay.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Wogonin (0\u201360 \u03bcM) had no significant cytotoxic effects on TGF-\u03b21\u2013induced NPDFs. Migration of NPDFs was significantly inhibited by wogonin treatment. The expression levels of \u03b1-smooth muscle actin and fibronectin were significantly reduced in wogonin-treated NPDFs. Collagen production and contraction were also significantly decreased by wogonin treatment. Wogonin markedly inhibited activation of the p38\/activator protein 1 pathway in TGF-\u03b21\u2013induced NPDFs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These results indicated that wogonin may inhibit TGF-\u03b2\u2013induced myofibroblast differentiation, extracellular matrix production, migration, and collagen contraction through the p38\/activator protein-1 pathway in NPDFs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2016.30.4329","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,22]],"date-time":"2016-07-22T20:58:28Z","timestamp":1469221108000},"page":"e128-e133","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Wogonin Inhibits Transforming Growth Factor \u03b21\u2013induced Extracellular Matrix Production\n                    <i>via<\/i>\n                    the p38\/activator Protein 1 Signaling Pathway in Nasal Polyp\u2013derived Fibroblasts"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Nam Hyoung","family":"Ryu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jae-Min","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji-Young","family":"Um","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Il-Ho","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul, South 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