{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T14:41:27Z","timestamp":1777473687907,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]],"date-time":"2016-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477958400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Rhinol\ufffdAllergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Allergen immunotherapy is the only cure for immunoglobulin E mediated type I respiratory allergies. Subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) are the most common treatments. In this article, we reviewed new routes of allergen immunotherapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data on alternative routes to allow intralymphatic immunotherapy (ILIT), epicutaneous immunotherapy (EPIT), local nasal immunotherapy (LNIT), oral immunotherapy (OIT), and oral mucosal immunotherapy (OMIT) were gathered from the literature and were discussed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ILIT features direct injection of allergens into lymph nodes. ILIT may be clinically effective after only a few injections and induces allergen-specific immunoglobulin G, similarly to SCIT. A limitation of ILIT is that intralymphatic injections are required. EPIT features allergen administration by using patches mounted on the skin. EPIT seeks to target epidermal antigen\u2013presenting Langerhans cells rather than mast cells or the vasculature; this should reduce both local and systemic adverse effects. LNIT involves the spraying of allergen extracts into the nasal cavity. Natural or chemically modified allergens (the latter, termed allergoids, lack immunoglobulin E reactivity) are prepared in a soluble form. OIT involves the regular administration of small amounts of a food allergen by mouth and commences with low oral doses, which are then increased as tolerance develops. OMIT seeks to deliver allergenic proteins to an expanded population of Langerhans cells in the mucosa of the oral cavity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ILIT, EPIT, LNIT, OIT, and OMIT are new routes for allergen immunotherapy. They are safe and effective.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2016.30.4379","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,22]],"date-time":"2016-11-22T15:15:33Z","timestamp":1479827733000},"page":"e193-e197","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["New Routes of Allergen Immunotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Mitat","family":"Aricigil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ENT Department, Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nuray Bayar","family":"Muluk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical Faculty, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Engin Umut","family":"Sakarya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENT Clinics, Konya Training and Research Hospital, Konya, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emine Giiven","family":"Sakalar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENT Clinics, Yunus Emre State Hospital, Eskisehir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mehmet","family":"Senturk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENT Clinics, Konya Training and Research Hospital, Konya, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William R.","family":"Reisacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology Department, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cemal","family":"Cingi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical Faculty, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-ajra.2016.30.4379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/imt.11.171"},{"key":"bibr2-ajra.2016.30.4379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/aap.2014.35.3752"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr3-ajra.2016.30.4379","first-page":"P29","volume":"5","author":"Hellkvist L.","journal-title":"Clin Transl Allergy"},{"key":"bibr4-ajra.2016.30.4379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-016-0324-9"},{"key":"bibr5-ajra.2016.30.4379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/aap.2014.35.3778"},{"key":"bibr6-ajra.2016.30.4379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iac.2015.08.008"},{"key":"bibr7-ajra.2016.30.4379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.12510"},{"key":"bibr8-ajra.2016.30.4379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197806)41:6<2215::AID-CNCR2820410622>3.0.CO;2-X"},{"key":"bibr9-ajra.2016.30.4379","first-page":"71","volume":"352","author":"Senti G.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"bibr10-ajra.2016.30.4379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2012.02556.x"},{"key":"bibr11-ajra.2016.30.4379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0803725105"},{"key":"bibr12-ajra.2016.30.4379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.02.026"},{"key":"bibr13-ajra.2016.30.4379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.051630798"},{"key":"bibr14-ajra.2016.30.4379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200425599"},{"key":"bibr15-ajra.2016.30.4379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200526124"},{"key":"bibr16-ajra.2016.30.4379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0b013e3283310ff7"},{"key":"bibr17-ajra.2016.30.4379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.02.026"},{"key":"bibr18-ajra.2016.30.4379","first-page":"214","author":"Mo J.H.","year":"2013","journal-title":"KAPARD-KAAACI & West Pacific Allergy Symposium Joint International Congress"},{"key":"bibr19-ajra.2016.30.4379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.10.056"},{"key":"bibr20-ajra.2016.30.4379","first-page":"316","volume-title":"Global Atlas of Allergy. 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