{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T21:12:45Z","timestamp":1788210765419,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Rhinol\ufffdAllergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intranasal corticosteroids (INS) (corticosteroid nasal sprays) and oral antihistamines (OA) are two of the most common treatments for patients with allergic rhinitis (AR). To our knowledge, there are no systematic reviews on this topic including trials published after 2007.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare INS with nonsedating OAs as treatments for AR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The systematic review and meta-analysis were based on the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation principles and the Patient, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome approach. Primary literature was searched up to January 22, 2015. Criteria for eligibility were randomized controlled trials that compared the efficacy and\/or adverse effects of INS and OA in patients with AR. Continuous outcome data were analyzed by using standardized mean differences (SMD) for multiple outcome measures, and mean differences in the case of a single study or outcome. Pooled estimates of effects, 95% confidence interval (CI), were calculated by using random-effects models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The meta-analysis included five randomized controlled trials with a total of 990 patients. INS were superior to OAs in improving total nasal symptoms score (SMD -0.70 [95% CI, -0.93 to -0.477]) and in relieving the following: nasal obstruction (SMD -0.56 [95% CI, -0.82 to -0.29]), rhinorrhea (SMD -0.47 [95% CI, -1.00 to 0.05]), nasal itching (SMD -0.42 [95% CI, -0.65 to -0.18]), sneezing (SMD -0.52 [95% CI, -0.73 to -0.32]), and quality of life mean difference -0.90 [95% CI, -1.18 to -0.62]). There was no difference in relief of ocular symptoms (SMD -0.08 [95% CI, -0.23 to 0.08]). In addition, four randomized controlled trials were included in a narrative analysis. The results in the narrative analysis were comparable with those found in the meta-analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>INS were superior to OAs in improving nasal symptoms and quality of life in patients with AR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2016.30.4397","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,12]],"date-time":"2016-12-12T22:08:40Z","timestamp":1481580520000},"page":"e19-e28","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Intranasal Corticosteroids Compared with Oral Antihistamines in Allergic Rhinitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Nanna","family":"Juel-Berg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Darling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology (Ear Nose and Throat), Head and Neck Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Bolvig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majken H.","family":"Foss-Skiftesvik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark"},{"name":"National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Halken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lone","family":"Winther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsten Skamstrup","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolaj","family":"Askjaer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Health Care, Laegerne Aldershvilevej, Bagsvaerd, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steffen","family":"Heegaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders R.","family":"Madsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology (Ear Nose and Throat), Head and Neck Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morten S.","family":"Opstrup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, 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