{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:55:19Z","timestamp":1787025319661,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488326400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Rhinol\ufffdAllergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (AIFR) is a fulminant fungal infection seen in patients who are immunocompromised. Due to its rarity, there is little evidence regarding the appropriate antifungal treatment regimen, especially the degree of surgical intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess factors that impact short-term survival in AIFR as defined by survival to hospital discharge and to develop a staging system to predict survival and complete surgical resection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifty-four patients with histopathologically diagnosed AIFR who met inclusion criteria were identified between 1984 and 2014. Patient characteristics, disease extent, treatment modality, and short-term survival data were collected. Univariate analysis was performed to assess for factors associated with survival and increased likelihood of surgical resection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 52 patients with adequate documentation, 36 (69.2%) survived their hospital stay. Complete surgical resection was the only factor associated with improved survival (survival, 95.5%; p &lt; 0.01). A surgical staging system was proposed to guide probability of complete resection and overall prognosis, with stage I disease limited to the nasal cavity, stage II involving the paranasal sinuses, stage III involving the orbit, and stage IV with skull base or intracranial extension. The \u03c7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      analyses showed a decreased likelihood of complete surgical resection with stage III or IV disease compared with stage I (resection, 90.9%) (stage III resection, 37.5% [p = 0.01]; stage IV resection, 16.7% [p = 0.002]). There was a decreased likelihood of survival associated with increasing disease stage compared with stage I (survival, 100%) (stage II survival, 60% [p = 0.009]; stage III survival, 62.5% [p = 0.02]; stage IV survival, 54.6%, [p = 0.006]).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although further studies are needed to define specific treatment protocols, analysis of these data indicated that endoscopic sinus surgery with the goal of complete surgical resection may provide the best survival outcomes in select patients when complete surgical resection can be performed. Our staging system represents the first attempt to predict surgical success and prognosis in patients with AIFR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2017.31.4420","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,28]],"date-time":"2017-04-28T08:47:39Z","timestamp":1493369259000},"page":"109-116","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Complete Surgical Resection and Short-Term Survival in Acute Invasive Fungal Rhinosinusitis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Christopher R.","family":"Roxbury","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David F.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas S.","family":"Higgins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stella E.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary L.","family":"Gallia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaru","family":"Ishii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew P.","family":"Lane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas D.","family":"Reh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-ajra.2017.31.4420","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-11-250"},{"key":"bibr2-ajra.2017.31.4420","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.124.5.520"},{"key":"bibr3-ajra.2017.31.4420","first-page":"244","volume":"23","author":"Waitzman A.A.","year":"1994","journal-title":"J 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