{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T23:43:21Z","timestamp":1773791001256,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oceanside Publications Inc.","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Food Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Tree nut (TN) allergy is common, with a global prevalence of up to 4.9%. TN allergy is persistent in most patients, and accidental reactions are common. There is considerable clinical cross-reactivity between cashew and pistachio, and between walnut and pecan. A diagnosis of TN allergy is based on a history of clinical reaction on ingestion, along with confirmed sensitization through either skin-prick or serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) testing. Component testing and food challenges may be required in patients with birch pollinosis to distinguish between IgE-mediated allergy to a heat-stable protein and pollen food allergy syndrome. There is available evidence that TN oral immunotherapy (OIT) is reasonably safe and effective. There are numerous nonpharmaceutical food products to facilitate TN-OIT dosing. TN OIT should be offered as a treatment option for patients with TN allergy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2500\/jfa.2022.4.220020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,30]],"date-time":"2022-07-30T04:35:46Z","timestamp":1659155746000},"page":"120-126","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A practical focus on oral immunotherapy to tree nuts"],"prefix":"10.2500","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Erdle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victoria E.","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1355","reference":[{"key":"B1","article-title":"Tree nuts-priority food allergens","year":"2008"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.09.002","article-title":"The natural history of tree nut allergy","volume":"116","author":"Fleischer","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2014.11.006","article-title":"Adjusting for nonresponse bias corrects overestimates of food allergy prevalence","volume":"3","author":"Soller","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2019.08.038","article-title":"Clinical and molecular characterization of walnut and pecan allergy (NUT CRACKER Study)","volume":"8","author":"Elizur","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2018.07.038","article-title":"Patterns of tree nut sensitization and allergy in the first 6 years of life in a population-based cohort","volume":"143","author":"McWilliam","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(03)02026-8","article-title":"Prevalence of peanut and tree nut allergy in the United States determined by means of a random digit dial telephone survey: a 5-year follow-up study","volume":"112","author":"Sicherer","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)03543-1","article-title":"Long-term prospective observational study of patients with peanut and nut allergy after participation in a management plan","volume":"357","author":"Ewan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B8","first-page":"1","article-title":"INC. Nuts & dried fruits statistical yearbook 2020\/2021","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int Nut Dried Fruit Counc Found"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-018-0749-3","article-title":"Nuts and cardiovascular disease prevention","volume":"20","author":"Coates","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Atheroscler Rep"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-007-0018-y","article-title":"The natural history of peanut and tree nut allergy","volume":"7","author":"Fleischer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Allergy Asthma Rep"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.160124","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of food allergy","volume":"188","author":"Abrams","year":"2016","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13163","article-title":"Tree nut allergies: allergen homology, cross-reactivity, and implications for therapy","volume":"48","author":"Smeekens","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(19)30029-X","article-title":"Walnut oral immunotherapy for desensitisation of walnut and additional tree nut allergies (Nut CRACKER): a single-centre, prospective cohort study","volume":"3","author":"Elizur","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2021.04.010","article-title":"Exploiting nut cross-reactivity to facilitate real-world treatment of tree nut allergy","volume":"127","author":"Wasserman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2019.10.045","article-title":"Oral immunotherapy for hazelnut allergy: a single-center retrospective study on 100 patients","volume":"8","author":"Moraly","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(17)30392-8","article-title":"Anti-IgE treatment with oral immunotherapy in multifood allergic participants: a double-blind, randomised, controlled trial","volume":"3","author":"Andorf","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2018.12.006","article-title":"A phase 2 randomized controlled multisite study using omalizumab-facilitated rapid desensitization to test continued vs discontinued dosing in multifood allergic individuals","volume":"7","author":"Andorf","year":"2019","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"B18","first-page":"120","article-title":"First real-world safety analysis of preschool tree nut oral immunotherapy","volume":"75","author":"Erdle","year":"2020","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2019.04.010","article-title":"First real-world safety analysis of preschool peanut oral immunotherapy","volume":"7","author":"Soller","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2018.06.016","article-title":"Quality of life of food-allergic patients before, during, and after oral immunotherapy","volume":"7","author":"Epstein-Rigbi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.2500\/jfa.2022.4.220012","article-title":"Overview of food allergy: Symptoms and diagnosis","volume":"4","author":"Abrams","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Food Allergy"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.2500\/jfa.2022.4.210013","article-title":"Optimal patient selection for oral immunotherapy","volume":"4","author":"Greiwe","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Food Allergy"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.2500\/jfa.2022.4.220002","article-title":"Variations in protocol development during oral immunotherapy","volume":"4","author":"Graham","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Food Allergy"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.2500\/jfa.2022.4.220025","article-title":"A practical focus on multi-food oral immunotherapy","volume":"4","author":"Windom","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Food Allergy"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.2500\/jfa.2022.4.220017","article-title":"Efficacy, effectiveness and other patient-centered outcomes of oral immunotherapy","volume":"4","author":"Upton","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Food Allergy"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.2500\/jfa.2022.4.220015","article-title":"Long term management: assessment of OIT success including integration of oral sustained unresponsiveness challenges","volume":"4","author":"Wasserman","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Food Allergy"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s13223-020-0413-7","article-title":"CSACI guidelines for the ethical, evidence-based and patient-oriented clinical practice of oral immunotherapy in IgE-mediated food allergy","volume":"16","author":"B\u00e9gin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1826","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.02.046","article-title":"An approach to the office-based practice of food oral immunotherapy","volume":"9","author":"Wasserman","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"B29","article-title":"Selenium. Fact sheet for consumers"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.10.045","article-title":"First real-world effectiveness analysis of preschool peanut oral immunotherapy","volume":"9","author":"Soller","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2222","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30420-9","article-title":"Oral immunotherapy for peanut allergy (PACE): a systematic review and meta-analysis of efficacy and safety","volume":"393","author":"Chu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["Journal of Food Allergy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ingentaconnect.com\/content\/ocean\/jfa\/2022\/00000004\/00000002\/art00019","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T01:15:01Z","timestamp":1676250901000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ingentaconnect.com\/content\/10.2500\/jfa.2022.4.220020"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]}},"alternative-id":["2689-0267(20220701)4:2L.120;1-"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2500\/jfa.2022.4.220020","relation":{},"ISSN":["2689-0267"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2689-0267","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]}}}