{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:55:09Z","timestamp":1787025309855,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"University of Toronto Press Inc. (UTPress)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical and Investigative Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of probing, without fluorescein irrigation, as a primary treatment for epiphora and\/or mucous discharge, secondary to congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO)<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The medical records of nine-two children (127 eyes) with CNLDO who underwent a single probing without the use of fluorescein irrigation between January 2006 and December 2011 were reviewed retrospectively. Inclusion criteria were no prior nasolacrimal surgical procedure, history of epiphora and\/or discharge since birth or shortly after birth in one or both eyes and at least one of the following clinical signs: epiphora, muco-purulent discharge and increased tear meniscus height. Children were investigated in two sub-groups based on age at time of probing; group 1 (51 eyes\/40 children) included children who underwent probing at age \u2265 2 years and group 2 (76 eyes\/52 children) included children who underwent probing at age &gt; 2years. The primary outcome was the complete disappearance of symptoms and signs in the affected eye(s), assessed at 3 months after surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The success rate for the overall sample was 83.5 % (106\/127 eyes), in group 1 was 90.2% (46\/51) and in group 2 was 78.9% (60\/76). There was no significant difference in success rate between groups (p=0.094). Gender (p=0.292), affected eye (p=0.647) and bilateral cases (p=0.739) were not associated with successful elimination of symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Probing without fluorescein irrigation for CNLDO beyond 1 year of age is highly successful and comparable to the published efficacy rates of the traditional probing with fluorescein irrigation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.25011\/cim.v36i3.19727","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,2]],"date-time":"2017-05-02T19:04:33Z","timestamp":1493751873000},"page":"E158-E162","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Probing without Irrigation in Children with Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction"],"prefix":"10.3138","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Gloria","family":"Isaza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, McMaster University Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N 3Z5"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sourabh","family":"Arora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster University, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N 3Z5"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1696","container-title":["Clinical and Investigative Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/cimonline.ca\/index.php\/cim\/article\/viewFile\/19727\/16340","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/utppublishing.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.25011\/cim.v36i3.19727","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T14:33:34Z","timestamp":1741876414000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/utppublishing.com\/doi\/10.25011\/cim.v36i3.19727"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.25011\/cim.v36i3.19727"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25011\/cim.v36i3.19727","relation":{},"ISSN":["1488-2353"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1488-2353","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,1]]}}}