{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T03:04:20Z","timestamp":1789182260044,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Universidad del Valle","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]],"date-time":"2021-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632787200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["colombiamedica.univalle.edu.co"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Colomb Med"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Esophageal trauma is a rare but life-threatening event associated with high morbidity and mortality. An inadvertent esophageal perforation can rapidly contaminate the neck, mediastinum, pleural space, or abdominal cavity, resulting in sepsis or septic shock. Higher complications and mortality rates are commonly associated with adjacent organ injuries and\/or delays in diagnosis or definitive management. This article aims to delineate the experience obtained by the Trauma and Emergency Surgery Group (CTE) of Cali, Colombia, on the surgical management of esophageal trauma following damage control principles. Esophageal injuries should always be suspected in thoracoabdominal or cervical trauma when the trajectory or mechanism suggests so. Hemodynamically stable patients should be radiologically evaluated before a surgical correction, ideally with computed tomography of the neck, chest, and abdomen. While hemodynamically unstable patients should be immediately transferred to the operating room for direct surgical control. A primary repair is the surgical management of choice in all esophageal injuries, along with endoscopic nasogastric tube placement and immediate postoperative care in the intensive care unit. We propose an easy-to-follow surgical management algorithm that sticks to the philosophy of \"Less is Better\" by avoiding esophagostomas. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.25100\/cm.v52i2.4806","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,22]],"date-time":"2021-11-22T16:17:47Z","timestamp":1637597867000},"page":"e4094806","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25100\/cm.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Primary repair: damage control surgery in esophageal trauma"],"prefix":"10.25100","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5502-5745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mauricio","family":"Millan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6496-6275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael W","family":"Parra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6996-5439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boris","family":"Sanchez-Restrepo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6128-0128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaset","family":"Caicedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1641-0421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Serna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5862-4906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adolfo","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Hadad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1179-2854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis Fernando","family":"Pino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4526-7636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario Alain","family":"Herrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2974-0649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabian","family":"Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5326-2317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Holgu\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8187-0638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Salcedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9829-8930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Julian","family":"Serna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4096-1434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4495-7405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos Alberto","family":"Ordo\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10728","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"52085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asensio JA, Berne J, Demetriades D, Murray J, Gomez H, Falabella A, et al. Penetrating esophageal injuries: Time interval of safety for preoperative evaluation -How long is safe? J Trauma - Inj Infect Crit Care 1997;43:319\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005373-199708000-00018.","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199708000-00018"},{"key":"52086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Griffiths EA, Yap N, Poulter J, Hendrickse MT, Khurshid M. Thirty-four cases of esophageal perforation: The experience of a district general hospital in the UK. Dis Esophagus 2009;22:616\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1442-2050.2009.00959.x.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2050.2009.00959.x"},{"key":"52087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vogel SB, Rout WR, Martin TD, Abbitt PL, Livingstone AS, LoCicero J, et al. Esophageal perforation in adults: Aggressive, conservative treatment lowers morbidity and mortality. Ann. Surg., vol. 241, Ann Surg; 2005, p. 1016\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.sla.0000164183.91898.74.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000164183.91898.74"},{"key":"52088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Makhani M, Midani D, Goldberg A, Friedenberg FK. Pathogenesis and outcomes of traumatic injuries of the esophagus. Dis Esophagus 2014;27:630\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dote.12132.","DOI":"10.1111\/dote.12132"},{"key":"52089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Young CA, Menias CO, Bhalla S, Prasad SR. CT features of esophageal emergencies. Radiographics 2008;28:1541\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/rg.286085520.","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.286085520"},{"key":"52090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chirica M, Champault A, Dray X, Sulpice L, Munoz-Bongrand N, Sarfati E, et al. Esophageal perforations. J Visc Surg 2010;147:e117\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jviscsurg.2010.08.003.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviscsurg.2010.08.003"},{"key":"52091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petrone P, Kassimi K, Jim\u00e9nez-G\u00f3mez M, Betancourt A, Axelrad A, Marini CP. Management of esophageal injuries secondary to trauma. Injury 2017;48:1735\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2017.06.012.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2017.06.012"},{"key":"52092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asensio JA, Chahwan S, Forno W, MacKersie R, Wall M, Lake J, et al. Penetrating esophageal injuries: Multicenter study of the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma. J Trauma - Inj Infect Crit Care 2001;50:289\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005373-200102000-00015.","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-200102000-00015"},{"key":"52093","unstructured":"Millan M, Garcia AF, Ferrada R. Trauma Esof\u00e1gico: Reporte de 104 casos. Panam J Trauma 2006;13:72\u20133."},{"key":"52094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arantes V, Campolina C, Valerio SH, De Sa RN, Toledo C, Ferrari TA, et al. Flexible esophagoscopy as a diagnostic tool for traumatic esophageal injuries. J Trauma - Inj Infect Crit Care 2009;66:1677\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/TA.0b013e31818c1564.","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e31818c1564"},{"key":"52095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Biffl WL, Moore EE, Feliciano D V., Albrecht RA, Croce M, Karmy-Jones R, et al. Western Trauma Association Critical Decisions in Trauma: Diagnosis and management of esophageal injuries. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2015;79:1089\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/TA.0000000000000772.","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000000772"},{"key":"52096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fadoo F, Ruiz DE, Dawn SK, Webb WR, Gotway MB. Helical CT Esophagography for the Evaluation of Suspected Esophageal Perforation or Rupture. 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Colomb Med 2020;51. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25100\/cm.v51i4.4506.","DOI":"10.25100\/cm.v51i4.4506"}],"container-title":["Colombia Medica"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/colombiamedica.univalle.edu.co\/index.php\/comedica\/article\/download\/4806\/5042","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/colombiamedica.univalle.edu.co\/index.php\/comedica\/article\/download\/4806\/5022","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/colombiamedica.univalle.edu.co\/index.php\/comedica\/article\/download\/4806\/5041","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T17:59:00Z","timestamp":1722967140000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/colombiamedica.univalle.edu.co\/index.php\/comedica\/article\/view\/4806"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25100\/cm.v52i2.4806","relation":{},"ISSN":["1657-9534","0120-8322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1657-9534","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0120-8322","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Yes","name":"crosschecked","label":"CrossChecked"},{"value":"Yes","name":"peer_reviewed","label":"Peer Reviewed"}]}}