{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T16:56:32Z","timestamp":1762016192520,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"S.C. JURNALUL PENTRU MEDICINA SI VIATA S.R.L","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561939200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMedLife"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hysterosalpingography is one of the essential diagnostic methods for examining women who have difficulty becoming pregnant. This procedure is somehow invasive and is associated with numerous complications such as allergic sensitivity, pain, abdominal cramps and shock. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of evening primrose on cervical length and pain during and after hysterosalpingography. In this double-blind clinical trial, 66 candidates for hysterosalpingography were randomly divided into two groups. A group received 1000 mg of evening primrose orally for two days prior to hysterosalpingography, while the control group received a placebo drug similar in size to evening primrose three days prior to hysterosalpingography. The pain level was recorded based on the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), during tenaculum placement but also immediately and four hours after hysterosalpingography. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS (version 20). There was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of pain during insertion of speculum and injection of the contrast medium (p &lt;0.05). Less pain was reported in the evening primrose group compared to placebo. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the length and diameter of the cervix (p &lt;0.05). Given the fact that it is a medicinal plant with no complications and can reduce pain during speculum insertion and during contrast medium injection, evening primrose seems to be a good drug for managing pain during hysterosalpingography.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.25122\/jml-2019-0021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,15]],"date-time":"2019-11-15T10:43:04Z","timestamp":1573814584000},"page":"284-289","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["An investigation into the effect of evening primrose in dilatation of cervix and pain during and after hysterosalpingography"],"prefix":"10.25122","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Shahrzad","family":"Shahnam Nia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Safi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Shoukrpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Department of Gynecology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Kamali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Alireza Kamali, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran, Tel: 00989181622810, E-mail: alikamaliir@yahoo.com","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10755","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hassa H, Oge T, Aydin Y, Burkankulu D. Comparison of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and misoprostol for pain relief during and after hysterosalpingography: prospective, randomized, controlled trial. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2014;21(5):762\u20136.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2014.02.014"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wallah E. The uterine factor in infertility. Fertil steril. 1972;23:138\u201358.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)38772-6"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lindeman H, Mohr J. Co2 hysteroscopy diagnosis and treatment. Am J Obs Gyn. 1976;124:129\u201333.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(16)33287-2"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saini P, Kumar A. Pretreatment with hydrotubation in infertility management improves pregnancy rates. 18th World Congress on Fertility and Sterillity 2004.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ics.2004.05.167"},{"key":"ref5","unstructured":"Ryan K, Berkowitz R, Barbieri R. 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A clinical trial of evening primrose oil in mastalgia. Br J surg 1981;68:801."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Preece P, Baum M, Mansel R. Importance of mastalgia in operable breast cancer. Br Med J. 1982;284(6325):1299\u2013300.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.284.6325.1299"},{"key":"ref15","unstructured":"Alvandipour M, Tayebi P, Alizade noraee R, Khodabakhshi H. Comparison between effect of evening primrose and vitamin E in treatment mastalgia. J Babol Univ Med Sci. 2011;13(2):7\u201311."},{"key":"ref16","unstructured":"Pruthi S, Wahner-Roedler D, Torkelson C, Cha S, Thicke L, Hazelton J, et al. Vitamin E and evening primrose oil for management of cyclical mastalgia: a randomized pilot study. Altern Med Rev. 2010;15(1):59\u201367."},{"key":"ref17","unstructured":"Nikbakht R, Barati M, Sattari A, Mohamadbeigi M, Ziafat M, Sattari S. 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Scientific Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences. 2016;23(4):114\u2013122."}],"container-title":["Journal of Medicine and Life"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/medandlife.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/JMedLife-12-284.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,24]],"date-time":"2021-12-24T03:40:11Z","timestamp":1640317211000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/medandlife.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/JMedLife-12-284.pdf"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]}},"alternative-id":["JMedLife-12-284"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25122\/jml-2019-0021","relation":{},"ISSN":["1844-122X","1844-3117"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1844-122X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1844-3117"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]}}}