{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T15:51:09Z","timestamp":1783612269904,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["arc.aiaa.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Aerospace Information Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> The deployment of a drone swarm from carrier aircraft can support critical operations in which target aircraft should be protected by ground-based radar detection. To be successful as a countermeasure, the drones that are involved in the swarm must be equipped with proper payload systems and the geometry among the swarm units must be well designed. This paper describes the development of a scaled drone swarm geometry that can electromagnetically obscure a target from radar detection. Different drone swarm configurations were analyzed to select a feasible solution to develop ground and in-flight tests. During the tests, a compact software radar was used to detect a target drone. Several ground tests were executed to characterize the radar echo response of the target drone installed on a wooden tripod. Different geometries of corner reflectors were tested on tripods to select the swarm geometry that better obscured the target drone. Flight tests were executed involving decoy drones equipped with a corner reflector and a target drone to validate the proposed drone swarm geometry. The presented design of a drone swarm geometry allowed us to characterize the scaled distances among the swarm units and between the swarm and the target that must be protected against a ground-based radar detection. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2514\/1.i011131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T02:22:35Z","timestamp":1671416555000},"page":"70-80","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2514\/aiaa_crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Using Drone Swarms as a Countermeasure of Radar Detection"],"prefix":"10.2514","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9441-2927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Conte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Verini Supplizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Italian Air Force, 00071 Pomezia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4460-6640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giorgio","family":"de Alteriis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Mele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Italian Air Force, 00071 Pomezia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6353-5219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giancarlo","family":"Rufino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8843-0109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domenico","family":"Accardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1387","reference":[{"key":"r1","unstructured":"RedingD. F.EatonJ. \u201cScience and Technology Trends 2020\u20132040, Exploring the S&T Edge,\u201d NATO Science and Technology Org. NATO Office of the Chief Scientist, Brussels, 2020, https:\/\/www.nato.int\/nato_static_fl2014\/assets\/pdf\/2020\/4\/pdf\/190422-ST_Tech_Trends_Report_2020-2040.pdf."},{"key":"r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S2301385020500090"},{"key":"r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frobt.2020.00091"},{"key":"r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/robotics7040067"},{"key":"r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-90-481-9707-1"},{"key":"r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jii.2019.100106"},{"key":"r9","unstructured":"GilesK. \u201cA Framework for Integrating the Development of Swarm Unmanned Aerial System Doctrine and Design,\u201d NATO Science and Technology Public Release, STO-MP-SET-222-14, 2017."},{"key":"r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11721-012-0075-2"},{"key":"r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2021.01.003"},{"key":"r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2019.2916429"},{"key":"r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13061059"},{"key":"r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S026357471200032X"},{"key":"r17","unstructured":"ErdemliM. G. \u201cGeneral Use of UAS in EW Environment\u2014EW Concepts and Tactics for Single or Multiple UAS Over the Net-Centric Battlefield,\u201d M.S. Thesis, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, 2009."},{"key":"r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-rsn.2018.0020"},{"key":"r19","unstructured":"HerreraG. J.DechantJ. A.GreenE. K.KleinE. A. \u201cTechnology Trends in Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS) and Counter Uas: A Five Year Outlook,\u201d Inst. for Defense Analyses, 2017, https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/resrep22821.1."},{"key":"r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MAES.2020.3015537"},{"key":"r21","first-page":"129","volume":"4","author":"Zikidis K.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Computations and Modelling"},{"key":"r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0001924000011702"},{"key":"r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s20082215"},{"key":"r30","unstructured":"ShirmanY. 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