{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:36:54Z","timestamp":1777379814567,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA)","issue":"12","funder":[{"name":"NASA University Leadership Initiative (ULI) Grant","award":["80NSSC20M0161"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["80NSSC20M0161"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["arc.aiaa.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Aerospace Information Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Urban air mobility (UAM) systems are characterized by the heterogeneity of participating aerial vehicles (AVs). Participating AVs are expected to cooperate with each other while maintaining flexibility in individual missions and reacting to the possibility of cyberattacks and security threats. In this paper, we focus on the vulnerabilities of the UAM cyberphysical system against distributed denial-of-service (DDOS)\u00a0cyberattacks. We develop a resilient control strategy for the AVs navigating through the UAM airspace to mitigate the effect of DDOS cyberattacks. A graph-theoretic vulnerability metric is proposed. Each AV can compute its vulnerability against DDOS cyberattacks in a fully distributed manner using this metric. Based on this computed metric, the AVs self-organize to minimize collision risk in the operating airspace after assessing self-vulnerability. This reconfiguration is also carried out in a fully distributed manner. The proposed resilient control is proven to reduce vulnerability in a probabilistic manner. This reduced vulnerability holds against DDOS cyberattacks with a known attack budget.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2514\/1.i011222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]],"date-time":"2023-09-05T23:29:08Z","timestamp":1693956548000},"page":"873-889","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2514\/aiaa_crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Distributed Denial-of-Service Resilient Control for Urban Air Mobility Applications"],"prefix":"10.2514","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Shanelle G.","family":"Clarke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Purdue University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sounghwan","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Purdue University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Omanshu","family":"Thapliyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Purdue University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7847-9865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inseok","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Purdue University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1387","reference":[{"key":"r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jairtraman.2020.101852"},{"key":"r2","unstructured":"HillB. P.DeCarmeD.MetcalfeM.GriffinC.WigginsS.MettsC.BastedoB.PattersonM. D.MendoncaN. L. \u201cUAM Vision Concept of Operations (ConOps) UAM Maturity Level (UML) 4,\u201d NASA TR 20205011091, Feb.\u00a02020."},{"key":"r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/6.2018-3676"},{"key":"r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trpro.2020.02.058"},{"key":"r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/6.2021-0660"},{"key":"r6","volume-title":"AIAA SciTech Forum","author":"Kenneth F.","year":"2021"},{"key":"r7","volume":"11","author":"Jean-Paul Y.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Internet of Things"},{"key":"r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/6.2021-0773"},{"key":"r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-090X(02)00032-3"},{"key":"r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-5468\/2008\/04\/P04019"},{"key":"r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2016.2542208"},{"key":"r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2020.2968606"},{"key":"r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.2019.2937500"},{"key":"r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3201583"},{"key":"r19","first-page":"203","volume-title":"Concurrency: The Works of Leslie Lamport","author":"Leslie L.","year":"2019"},{"key":"r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3149.214121"},{"key":"r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.2011.221"},{"key":"r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/571637.571640"},{"key":"r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep00232"},{"key":"r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/6.2022-2342"},{"key":"r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCNS.2021.3059847"},{"key":"r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.2017.2763782"},{"issue":"1","key":"r30","first-page":"212","volume":"11","author":"Vasconcelos G.","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Communication Networks and Information Security"},{"key":"r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCNS.2015.2413551"},{"key":"r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-30717-4_8"},{"key":"r34","first-page":"1","volume":"2021","author":"Luo H.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Complexity"},{"issue":"1","key":"r35","volume":"454","author":"Pad\u00e9e A.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Physics: Conference Series"},{"key":"r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.2019.2910950"},{"key":"r37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2014.2304432"},{"key":"r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-control-060117-105131"},{"key":"r39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.2014.2364096"},{"key":"r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcontrol.2019.05.006"},{"key":"r41","first-page":"365","volume":"392","author":"Walters M.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Surveys in Combinatorics"},{"key":"r42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/15-AAP1110"},{"key":"r45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/6.2018-3674"},{"issue":"10","key":"r46","volume":"6","author":"Eri I.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aerospace"},{"key":"r47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/1.G005000"},{"key":"r48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2016.2560343"},{"key":"r49","first-page":"1","volume":"64","author":"Qingheng S.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science China Information Sciences"},{"key":"r50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/drones6080185"},{"key":"r51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/cmu2.12107"},{"key":"r52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0001924000009568"},{"key":"r53","volume-title":"AIAA SciTech Forum","author":"Tamsyn E.","year":"2019"}],"container-title":["Journal of Aerospace Information Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/arc.aiaa.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.2514\/1.I011222","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T14:29:02Z","timestamp":1763648942000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/arc.aiaa.org\/doi\/10.2514\/1.I011222"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2514\/1.I011222"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2514\/1.i011222","relation":{},"ISSN":["1940-3151","2327-3097"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1940-3151","type":"print"},{"value":"2327-3097","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-11-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-06-30","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-07-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-09-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}