{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T16:07:42Z","timestamp":1784131662014,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA)","issue":"3","funder":[{"name":"Center for Unmanned Aircraft Systems NSF IUCRC","award":["1650468"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1650468"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["arc.aiaa.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Aerospace Information Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Uncrewed aircraft systems (UASs) are being increasingly adopted for a variety of applications. The risk UAS poses to people and property must be kept to acceptable levels. This paper proposes risk-aware contingency management autonomy to prevent an accident in the event of component malfunction, specifically propulsion unit failure and\/or battery degradation. The proposed autonomy is modeled as a Markov decision process (MDP), whose solution is a contingency management policy that appropriately executes emergency landing, flight termination, or continuation of planned flight actions. Motivated by the potential for errors in fault\/failure indicators, the partial observability of the MDP state space is investigated. The performance of optimal policies is analyzed over varying observability conditions in a high-fidelity simulator. Results indicate that both partially observable MDP and maximum a posteriori MDP policies had similar performance over different state observability criteria, given the nearly deterministic state transition model. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2514\/1.i011235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]],"date-time":"2024-01-10T07:29:00Z","timestamp":1704871740000},"page":"234-248","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2514\/aiaa_crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Risk-Aware Markov Decision Process Contingency Management Autonomy for Uncrewed Aircraft Systems"],"prefix":"10.2514","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2828-4087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Prashin","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Kraske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zakariya","family":"Laouar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9707-3035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zachary","family":"Sunberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2132-6256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ella","family":"Atkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1387","reference":[{"key":"r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/1.I010979"},{"key":"r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/1.I010513"},{"issue":"1","key":"r5","first-page":"1","volume":"5","author":"Balaban E.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annual Conference of the Prognostics and Health Management Society"},{"issue":"1","key":"r6","first-page":"87","volume":"4","author":"Balaban E.","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Prognostics and Health Management"},{"issue":"8","key":"r10","volume":"5","author":"Zhang B.","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Prognostics and Health Management"},{"key":"r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rob.21906"},{"key":"r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/1.I010706"},{"key":"r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/1.18816"},{"key":"r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10846-016-0370-z"},{"key":"r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifacol.2018.09.705"},{"key":"r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microrel.2012.11.010"},{"key":"r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1748006XJRR342"},{"key":"r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-cds.2019.0092"},{"key":"r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app6060166"},{"key":"r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microrel.2013.03.010"},{"key":"r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfranklin.2013.01.009"},{"key":"r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCST.2012.2200104"},{"key":"r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-control-042920-092451"},{"key":"r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(98)00023-X"},{"issue":"1","key":"r34","first-page":"17","volume":"19","author":"Kochenderfer M. 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