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Testing must include air-to-air encounters at many different geometries and altitudes to capture the wide range of possible real-life scenarios. As well, all encounters must be synchronized in time in order to achieve the desired interaction at a given encounter point of interest. We propose an algorithm that can generate trajectories for multiple autonomous aircraft from any start poses to any end poses, allowing any encounter geometry to be realized from any initial geometry without requiring additional effort by the pilot. Inefficiencies are thus removed from the test process, the pilot\u2019s workload is lessened, and the margin of safety is increased. We successfully implemented this algorithm on two autonomous aircraft as part of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Integration of Automated Systems project. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2514\/1.i011488","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]],"date-time":"2025-02-07T09:23:37Z","timestamp":1738920217000},"page":"358-366","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2514\/aiaa_crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Synchronizing Test Encounter Entry for Multiple Autonomous Aircraft"],"prefix":"10.2514","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Paul","family":"Sampson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"American Systems"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Scofield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Modern Technology Solutions Inc."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ethan","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Systems"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1387","reference":[{"key":"r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/1.5791"},{"key":"r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/1.19422"},{"key":"r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/6.2000-4369"},{"key":"r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifacol.2017.08.047"},{"key":"r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3170583"},{"key":"r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/6.2004-5141"},{"key":"r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/1.D0176"},{"key":"r12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SmithC. L.RorieC.ChandaranaM.TysonT. L.KeelerJ. N.TranV. \u201cHelicopter Pilot Assessments of the Airborne Collision Avoidance System XR With Automated Maneuvering,\u201d AIAA Paper 2023-3683, June 2023.","DOI":"10.2514\/6.2023-3683"},{"key":"r14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KarrD. A.VivonaR. A.RoscoeD. A.DePascaleS. M.WingD. J. \u201cAutonomous Operations Planner: A Flexible Platform for Research in Flight-Deck Support for Airborne Self-Separation,\u201d AIAA Paper 2012-5417, Sept. 2012.","DOI":"10.2514\/6.2012-5417"},{"key":"r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/6.2006-6060"},{"key":"r17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BarrowsB. A.BallinM. G.BarneyT. L.NelsonS. L.UnderwoodM. C.WingD. 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A.","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Aerospace Conference"},{"key":"r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/6.2006-6057"}],"container-title":["Journal of Aerospace Information Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/arc.aiaa.org\/doi\/am-pdf\/10.2514\/1.I011488","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/arc.aiaa.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.2514\/1.I011488","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/arc.aiaa.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.2514\/1.I011488","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T12:40:33Z","timestamp":1747053633000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/arc.aiaa.org\/doi\/10.2514\/1.I011488"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2514\/1.I011488"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2514\/1.i011488","relation":{},"ISSN":["1940-3151","2327-3097"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1940-3151"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2327-3097"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-05-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-10","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}