{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T23:50:02Z","timestamp":1778197802257,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy (JOSPT)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["www.jospt.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Orthopaedic &amp; Sports Physical Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p> Controlled laboratory study. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p> In addition to persistent pain, people with chronic whiplash-associated disorders (WAD) commonly deal with cognitive dysfunctions. In healthy individuals, aerobic exercise has a positive effect on cognitive performance, and preliminary evidence in other chronic pain conditions reveals promising results as well. However, there is evidence that people with chronic WAD may show a worsening of the symptom complex following physical exertion. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p> To examine postexercise cognitive performance in people with chronic WAD. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p> People with chronic WAD (n = 27) and healthy, inactive, sex- and age-matched controls (n = 27) performed a single bout of an incremental submaximal cycling exercise. Before and after the exercise, participants completed 2 performance-based cognitive tests assessing selective and sustained attention, cognitive inhibition, and simple and choice reaction time. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p> At baseline, people with chronic WAD displayed significantly lower scores on sustained attention and simple reaction time (P&lt;.001), but not on selective attention, cognitive inhibition, and choice reaction time (P&gt;.05), compared with healthy controls. Postexercise, both groups showed significantly improved selective attention and choice reaction time (chronic WAD, P = .001; control, P&lt;.001), while simple reaction time significantly increased (P = .037) only in the control group. In both groups, no other significant changes in sustained attention, cognitive inhibition, pain, and fatigue were observed (P&gt;.05). <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p> In the short term, postexercise cognitive functioning, pain, and fatigue were not aggravated in people with chronic WAD. However, randomized controlled trials are required to study the longer-term and isolated effects of exercise on cognitive functioning. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2016;46(2):87\u201395. 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