{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T22:51:21Z","timestamp":1785797481327,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy (JOSPT)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["www.jospt.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Orthopaedic &amp; Sports Physical Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p> Whiplash following a motor vehicle accident can result in chronic neck and arm pain. Patients frequently present with cutaneous hypersensitivities and hypoesthesia, but without obvious clinical signs of nerve injury. T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has previously been used to identify nerve pathology. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p> To determine whether there are signs of peripheral nerve pathology on MRI in patients with chronic arm and neck pain following whiplash injury. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p> This cross-sectional study used T2-weighted MRI to examine the brachial plexus and median nerve in patients and age-matched, healthy control subjects. Clinical examination included tests of plexus and nerve trunk mechanical sensitivity. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p> The T2 signal intensity was greater in the brachial plexus and median nerve at the wrist in the patient group (mean intensity ratio = 0.52 \u00b1 0.13 and 2.09 \u00b1 0.33, respectively) compared to the control group (mean intensity ratio = 0.45 \u00b1 0.07 and 1.38 \u00b1 0.31, respectively; P&lt;.05). Changes in median nerve morphology were also observed, which included an enlargement (mean area: patient group, 8.05 \u00b1 1.29 mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>; control group, 6.52 \u00b1 1.08 mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>; P&lt;.05) and flattening (mean aspect ratio: patient group, 2.46 \u00b1 0.53; control group, 1.62 \u00b1 0.30; P&lt;.05) at the proximal carpal row. All patients demonstrated signs of nerve trunk mechanical sensitivity. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p> These findings suggest that patients with chronic whiplash may have inflammatory changes and\/or mild neuropathy, which may contribute to symptoms. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2018;48(7):523\u2013532. 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