{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T01:55:25Z","timestamp":1789782925188,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy (JOSPT)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["www.jospt.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Orthopaedic &amp; Sports Physical Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p> To compare the effectiveness of an education intervention with or without the addition of the therapeutic alliance to no education intervention in patients with nonspecific chronic low back pain (LBP) and low risk of poor prognosis. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p> Randomized controlled trial. Randomization was performed using randomly generated numbers. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p> Two hundred twenty-two patients with nonspecific chronic LBP and low risk of poor prognosis from 2 university physical therapy services in Taubat\u00e9, Brazil were randomized into 3 groups: education plus therapeutic alliance, education only, and no education. Primary outcomes were pain (measured with the numeric pain-rating scale) and patient-specific disability (measured with the Patient-Specific Functional Scale), assessed 1 month after randomization. The patients, therapists, and assessors were not blinded due to the nature of the intervention and self-reported outcomes. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p> Patients were recruited between November 2015 and February 2017. There was a loss of 17 (7.6%) follow-up assessments at 1 month, 28 (12.6%) at 6 months, and 31 (13.9%) at 12 months after randomization, and intention-to-treat analyses were conducted. There were no significant differences in pain between groups. However, there was a significant improvement in patient-specific disability for the education-plus\u2013therapeutic alliance and education-only groups compared to no education after 1 month (mean difference, \u22121.41; 95% confidence interval: \u22122.31, \u22120.51 and \u22120.95; 95% confidence interval: \u22121.85, \u22120.04, respectively). <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p> An education intervention did not provide clinically relevant improvements in patient-specific disability and did not influence pain in patients with nonspecific chronic LBP and low risk of poor prognosis. Additionally, there was no difference between interventions with or without emphasis on the therapeutic alliance. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2021;51(8):392\u2013400. 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