{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T16:52:13Z","timestamp":1790009533301,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy (JOSPT)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["www.jospt.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Orthopaedic &amp; Sports Physical Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of different types of telerehabilitation in managing chronic musculoskeletal pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>DESIGN: A systematic review with network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>LITERATURE SEARCH: Relevant records were retrieved from the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL databases from their inception to August 2024.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>STUDY SELECTION CRITERIA: Trials that evaluated the effectiveness of telerehabilitation interventions for patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain, focusing on pain and functional disability outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>DATA SYNTHESIS: A frequentist random-effects network meta-analysis was conducted to integrate direct and indirect evidence. Sensitivity analyses were performed based on risk-of-bias assessments and study sample sizes to evaluate the robustness of the findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>RESULTS: Thirty-seven RCTs were included. Rehabilitation interventions delivered through self-managed rehabilitation applications (standardized mean difference [SMD] = \u22120.89; 95% confidence interval [CI]: \u22121.31, \u22120.48) and through videoconferencing platforms (SMD = \u22120.69; 95% CI: \u22121.19, \u22120.20) significantly reduced pain intensity compared with usual care or minimal intervention. For functional disability, rehabilitation interventions delivered through videoconferencing rehabilitation (SMD = \u22120.99; 95% CI: \u22121.46, \u22120.53) and self-managed rehabilitation applications (SMD = \u22120.70; 95% CI: \u22121.11, \u22120.29) were most effective. Sensitivity analyses supported these findings, although minor inconsistencies and potential publication bias were noted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>CONCLUSION: Self-managed rehabilitation applications and videoconferencing rehabilitation appeared to be the most effective telerehabilitation delivery modes for managing chronic musculoskeletal pain. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2025;55(11):695-704. 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