{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T18:07:09Z","timestamp":1788286029546,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":195,"publisher":"Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy (JOSPT)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["www.jospt.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Orthopaedic &amp; Sports Physical Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>APTA Orthopedics and APTA Hand and Upper Extremity Physical Therapy, Academies of the American Physical Therapy Association, have an ongoing effort to create evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for physical therapy management and prevention of upper extremity musculoskeletal impairments described in the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). This particular guideline is a revision of the 2019 CPG that focuses on hand pain and sensory deficits in carpal tunnel syndrome. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2026;56(4):CPG1-CPG79. Epub 12 February 2026. doi:10.2519\/jospt.2026.0301<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2026.0301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T14:59:32Z","timestamp":1770908372000},"page":"CPG1-CPG79","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2519\/jospt.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Hand Pain and Sensory Deficits: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Revision 2026"],"prefix":"10.2519","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Mia","family":"Erickson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marsha","family":"Lawrence","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa J.","family":"Lazinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kylie","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"RobRoy L.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1394","reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0894-1130(03)80019-4"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaceta.2013.10.011"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15589447211006857"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/BMR-200179"},{"key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.2056"},{"key":"bib6","unstructured":"American Physical Therapy Association.\n                      APTA Guide to Physical Therapy Practice 4.0\n                      . 2023."},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-007-0471-1"},{"key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1558944719895786"},{"key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23900"},{"key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2022.03.005"},{"key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-021-03489-6"},{"key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5606\/tftrd.2023.12467"},{"key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2019.04.004"},{"key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.04.034"},{"key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0000000000002122"},{"key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2022.42.61.30119"},{"key":"bib17","first-page":"505","volume-title":"Michlovitz\u2019s Modalities for Therapeutic Intervention","author":"Bellew JW","year":"2022"},{"key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2019.04.004"},{"key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CORR.0000000000000773"},{"key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2020.11.017"},{"key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4598(200008)23:8<1280::AID-MUS20>3.0.CO;2-Y"},{"key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17531934231191685"},{"key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2017.0302"},{"key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2004.12.010"},{"key":"bib25","first-page":"254","volume":"28","author":"Boyd KU","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Invest Med."},{"key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2023.102897","volume":"69","author":"Bueno-Gracia E","year":"2024","journal-title":"Musculoskelet Sci Pract."},{"key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2015.09.013"},{"key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.945704"},{"key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1806-9282.20241815"},{"key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58050677"},{"key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2292550317693817"},{"key":"bib32","unstructured":"ChoosePT. Dry needling by a physical therapist: what you should know. American Physical Therapy Association. choosept.com\/health-tips\/dry-needling-physical-therapist-what-you-should-know. Accessed April 10, 2025."},{"key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02692155241289101"},{"key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000001464"},{"key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2006.12.008"},{"key":"bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2020.9599"},{"key":"bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-021-04202-y"},{"key":"bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2021.04.003"},{"key":"bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BTH.0000000000000401"},{"key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.2019.1694840"},{"key":"bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193418812616"},{"key":"bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2021.04.011"},{"key":"bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2020.03.007"},{"key":"bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jham.2024.100172"},{"key":"bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S2424835525500262"},{"key":"bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e12615"},{"key":"bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.316.7133.731"},{"key":"bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4183\/aeb.2024.136"},{"key":"bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2017.07.004"},{"key":"bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000002427"},{"key":"bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000002651"},{"key":"bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/pq.2020.96420"},{"key":"bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000002252"},{"key":"bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7603\/s40680-014-0002-0"},{"key":"bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2019.0301"},{"key":"bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2021.04.014"},{"key":"bib57","first-page":"733","volume":"56","author":"Ezzati K","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Phys Rehabil Med."},{"key":"bib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.04.035"},{"key":"bib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.116694"},{"key":"bib60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13050715"},{"key":"bib61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-10137-1"},{"key":"bib62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.1026"},{"key":"bib63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12788"},{"key":"bib64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2015.07.012"},{"key":"bib65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2017.10.007"},{"key":"bib66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2021.01.050"},{"key":"bib67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2011.644328"},{"key":"bib68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/msc.70024"},{"key":"bib69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198111000-00032"},{"key":"bib70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)30335-7"},{"key":"bib71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.74.9.1342"},{"key":"bib72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01443615.2022.2036970"},{"key":"bib73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.G.01362"},{"key":"bib74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2006.03.005"},{"key":"bib75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.01.024"},{"key":"bib76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.26791"},{"key":"bib77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.888"},{"key":"bib78","unstructured":"Health Measures. Intro to PROMIS\n                      \u00ae\n                      . https:\/\/www.healthmeasures.net\/explore-measurement-systems\/promis\/intro-to-promis. Accessed September 25, 2025."},{"key":"bib79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CORR.0000000000002094"},{"key":"bib80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2014.07.007"},{"key":"bib81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12102349"},{"key":"bib82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.1.FOCUS17802"},{"key":"bib83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.3835"},{"key":"bib84","unstructured":"International Association for the Study of Pain. Terminology. Available at: https:\/\/www.iasp-pain.org\/resources\/terminology\/. Accessed January 6, 2026."},{"key":"bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2024.102907","volume":"69","author":"Iogna Prat P","year":"2024","journal-title":"Musculoskel Sci Pract."},{"key":"bib86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.27173"},{"key":"bib87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CORR.0000000000002437"},{"key":"bib88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191710983"},{"key":"bib89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzaa222"},{"key":"bib90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215518787316"},{"key":"bib91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.26651"},{"key":"bib92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2024.10.002"},{"key":"bib93","first-page":"89","volume":"14","author":"Kalaca S","year":"2001","journal-title":"Marmara Medical Journal."},{"key":"bib94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(03)00151-7"},{"key":"bib95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14744\/agri.2023.00878"},{"key":"bib96","first-page":"CD010003","volume":"2","author":"Karjalainen TV","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Syst Rev."},{"key":"bib97","first-page":"1495","volume":"17","author":"Katz JN","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Rheumatol."},{"key":"bib98","first-page":"E59","volume":"36","author":"Kaye JJ","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ)."},{"key":"bib99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2019.03.006"},{"key":"bib100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-021-04832-2"},{"key":"bib101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15171\/jlms.2020.15"},{"key":"bib102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jos.2024.01.007"},{"key":"bib103","unstructured":"Kinesio Tape. What is Kinesio Taping method? https:\/\/kinesiotape.com\/what-is-kinesio-taping-method\/"},{"key":"bib104","volume-title":"Thermal Agents in Rehabilitation","author":"Kloth L","year":"1986"},{"key":"bib105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2019.11.020"},{"key":"bib106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.23566"},{"key":"bib107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002060-200104000-00004"},{"key":"bib108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2018.10.106"},{"key":"bib109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare10101988"},{"key":"bib110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11061510"},{"key":"bib111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.35371\/aoem.2019.31.e31"},{"key":"bib112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000002570"},{"key":"bib113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-022-09262-9"},{"key":"bib114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-022-11201-z"},{"key":"bib115","volume":"16","author":"Lnu S","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus."},{"key":"bib116","volume":"13","author":"Low J","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus."},{"key":"bib117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2023.07.018"},{"key":"bib118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2004.34.10.565"},{"key":"bib119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0712(01)00012-9"},{"key":"bib120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181da8685"},{"key":"bib121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2018.10.031"},{"key":"bib122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193412461860"},{"key":"bib123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2017.12.006"},{"key":"bib124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12071160"},{"key":"bib125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11041075"},{"key":"bib126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000001158"},{"key":"bib127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002102"},{"key":"bib128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2017.08.005"},{"key":"bib129","volume-title":"Thermal Agents in Rehabilitation","author":"Michlovitz SL","year":"1986"},{"key":"bib130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2020.02.016"},{"key":"bib131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.26901"},{"key":"bib132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2023.04.048"},{"key":"bib133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BCO.0000000000001193"},{"key":"bib134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46497\/ArchRheumatol.2022.8605"},{"key":"bib135","first-page":"853","volume":"25","author":"Naranjo A","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol."},{"key":"bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2023.102723","volume":"6","author":"N\u00fa\u00f1ez-Cort\u00e9s R","year":"2023","journal-title":"Musculoskel Sci Pract."},{"key":"bib137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.10.026"},{"key":"bib138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2022.10828"},{"key":"bib139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193409102380"},{"key":"bib140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcac237"},{"key":"bib141","first-page":"63","volume":"25","author":"Osmano\u011flu K","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Phys Med Rehabil Sci."},{"key":"bib142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.03.044"},{"key":"bib143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-010-1414-5"},{"key":"bib144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2024.105038"},{"key":"bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-3400517","volume":"55","author":"Paiva Filho HR","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev Bras Ortop (Sao Paulo)."},{"key":"bib146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21873\/invivo.12439"},{"key":"bib147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09593985.2022.2068097"},{"key":"bib148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2017.03.015"},{"key":"bib149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2024.108395"},{"key":"bib150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2021.17.4.524"},{"key":"bib151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.72B3.2187880"},{"key":"bib152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000001104"},{"key":"bib153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5606\/tftrd.2022.7187"},{"key":"bib154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218957717500130"},{"key":"bib155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0300046"},{"key":"bib156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2012.08.001"},{"key":"bib157","first-page":"31","volume":"109","author":"Sartorio F","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Lav."},{"key":"bib158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11061685"},{"key":"bib159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12636"},{"key":"bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/PR9.0000000000000829","volume":"5","author":"Schmid AB","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pain Rep."},{"key":"bib161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.24504"},{"key":"bib162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-24-01179"},{"key":"bib163","first-page":"1975803","author":"Sheereen FJ","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pain Res Manage."},{"key":"bib164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2019.12.002"},{"key":"bib165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.02.004"},{"key":"bib166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-023-02737-5"},{"key":"bib167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002566"},{"key":"bib168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7556\/jaoa.2019.083"},{"key":"bib169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2019.109820"},{"key":"bib170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)31718-1"},{"key":"bib171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0000000000001852"},{"key":"bib172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-025-04412-z"},{"key":"bib173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2016.08.002"},{"key":"bib174","first-page":"362","volume":"7","author":"Toopchizadeh V","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crescent J Sedical Biol Sci."},{"key":"bib175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0712(21)01102-1"},{"key":"bib176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2017.09.011"},{"key":"bib177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10538127251323323"},{"key":"bib178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21101\/cejph.a6109"},{"key":"bib179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/mejrh-134171"},{"key":"bib180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.21131"},{"key":"bib181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0000000000002451"},{"key":"bib182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.11.008"},{"key":"bib183","first-page":"e1","volume":"15","author":"Wehbe J","year":"2015","journal-title":"Kinesitherapie."},{"key":"bib184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11420-019-09694-y"},{"key":"bib185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-08993-6"},{"key":"bib186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.025"},{"key":"bib187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09593985.2018.1443358"},{"key":"bib188","unstructured":"World Health Organizaiton. How to use the ICF - A practical manual for using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/m\/item\/how-to-use-the-icf-a-practical-manual-for-using-the-international-classification-of-functioning-disability-and-health. Published October 2013. Accessed January 23, 2026."},{"key":"bib189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2020.1762769"},{"key":"bib190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.020"},{"key":"bib191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000002950"},{"key":"bib192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-023-03913-z"},{"key":"bib193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12237363"},{"key":"bib194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01142"},{"key":"bib195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-080777"}],"container-title":["Journal of Orthopaedic &amp; Sports Physical Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jospt.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.2519\/jospt.2026.0301","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T13:01:12Z","timestamp":1775048472000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jospt.org\/doi\/10.2519\/jospt.2026.0301"}},"subtitle":["Clinical Practice Guidelines Linked to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health From APTA Orthopedics and APTA Hand and Upper Extremity Academies of the American Physical Therapy Association"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":195,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2519\/jospt.2026.0301"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2519\/jospt.2026.0301","relation":{},"ISSN":["0190-6011","1938-1344"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0190-6011","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-1344","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}