{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T14:56:49Z","timestamp":1775055409735,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy (JOSPT)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["www.jospt.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Orthopaedic &amp; Sports Physical Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a rugby-specific neuromuscular training (NMT) warm-up on injury and concussion rates in Canadian high school girls\u2019 rugby.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>DESIGN: Quasi-experimental study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>METHODS: Two high school girls\u2019 rugby cohorts (control seasons 2018, 2019; intervention seasons 2022, 2023) were compared using validated injury surveillance methodology. Coaches attended a rugby-specific NMT warm-up workshop before the intervention seasons. Outcomes of interest were injury and concussion. Multilevel Poisson regression analyses were used to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) comparing intervention and control cohorts, adjusted for injury history and rugby playing experience, offset by match hours and random effects (team and individual level).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    RESULTS: There were 409 player seasons (13 teams) in control seasons and 483 player seasons (17 teams) in intervention seasons. Concussions accounted for 41% (62\/150) of match injuries in control seasons and 31% (70\/226) in intervention seasons. Intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) analyses demonstrated no differences in match injury rates (IRR\n                    <jats:sub>ITT<\/jats:sub>\n                    : 1.06; 95% CI: 0.75, 1.50; IRR\n                    <jats:sub>PP<\/jats:sub>\n                    : 0.91; 95% CI: 0.69, 1.21) or match concussions rates (IRR\n                    <jats:sub>ITT<\/jats:sub>\n                    : 0.79; 95% CI: 0.52, 1.20; IRR\n                    <jats:sub>PP<\/jats:sub>\n                    : 0.74; 95% CI: 0.47, 1.17) between intervention and control seasons. Head-match injury burden (mean difference, \u2212194 days of time-loss per 1000 match hours; 95% CI: \u2212349, \u221239) and all-training injury burden (mean difference, \u221217 days of time-loss per 1000 match hours; 95% CI: \u221227, \u22127) were lower in the intervention seasons.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>CONCLUSION: While no statistically significant differences were found in match injury or concussion rates in the intervention and control seasons, regardless of adherence level, there was a clinically relevant 21% lower match concussion rate and lower match-head injury and all-training injury burden with NMT warm-up use. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2026;56(4):261-271. 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