{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T15:52:16Z","timestamp":1776268336207,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy (JOSPT)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["www.jospt.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JOSPT Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE: To examine gait mechanics associated with the occurrence of a movement-evoked pain flare in individuals with patellofemoral joint osteoarthritis (PFJOA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>DESIGN: Cross-sectional observational study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>METHODS: Twenty-two participants with PFJOA and 10 healthy control participants completed five overground gait trials at a fixed speed of 1.35 m\/s \u00b1 5%. Lower limb kinematics and kinetics were recorded using motion capture and in-ground force plates. PFJOA participants completed a 20-minute decline treadmill walk, rating pain every minute via the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). Participants were grouped based on change in NPRS (\u22652-point increase = Pain Flare [PF]; &lt;2-point = No Flare [NF]). Analysis of variance and post hoc analyses compared gait mechanics between groups (PF, NF, and C [Control]).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>RESULTS: During the first half of stance, people with pain flares (n = 12) had higher peak knee flexion angle (17.7 \u00b1 2.4) compared to controls (13.6 \u00b1 3.4; p = .003) and higher knee flexion moment impulse (0.62 \u00b1 0.11) compared to people with no pain flare (n = 10; 0.45 \u00b1 0.19; p = 0.001) and to controls (0.39 \u00b1 0.12; p = .0001). The no pain flare group had lower knee adduction moment impulse (0.45 \u00b1 0.16) compared to controls (0.61 \u00b1 0.12; p = .04). In the second half of stance, the no pain flare group had higher knee external rotation angles (8.7 \u00b1 5.2) compared to the PF group (4.9 \u00b1 3.0; p = 0.02) and to controls (4.5 \u00b1 2.9; p = .009).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>CONCLUSION: People with PFJOA and who were prone to movement-evoked pain flares had increased sagittal plane loading during gait, while those without flares had reduced frontal plane loading and greater knee external rotation angles. Further investigation into a causal relationship between these gait alterations and movement-evoked pain would provide valuable insight for treatment of patients with PFJOA. JOSPT Open 2026;4(2):223-231. Epub 23 January 2026. doi:10.2519\/josptopen.2026.0183<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2519\/josptopen.2026.0183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T14:12:42Z","timestamp":1769177562000},"page":"223-231","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2519\/jospt.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gait Biomechanics During Early Stance Phase Predict Pain Flares in Persons With Patellofemoral Joint Osteoarthritis"],"prefix":"10.2519","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Jessica G.","family":"Wagner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Hammond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katherine A.","family":"Boyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelsey H.","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sharmila","family":"Majumdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard B.","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1394","reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2024.09.001"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-019-2493-4"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20348"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2005.02.008"},{"key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2015.03.032"},{"key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2012.07.011"},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.05.005"},{"key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.10.010"},{"key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2024.106376"},{"key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2020.08.004"},{"key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1955.tb32112.x"},{"key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.109533"},{"key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2009.03.016"},{"key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.21077"},{"key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15324796ABM2403_05"},{"key":"bib16","unstructured":"Hanavan EP, Jr. A Mathematical Model of the Human Body. Amrl-Tr-64-102.\n                      AMRL TR\n                      . 1964;1\u2013149."},{"key":"bib17","first-page":"13","volume":"33","author":"Hashizume T","year":"2023","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Sports Med Arthrosc Rehabil Technol."},{"key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/PR9.0000000000001124","volume":"9","author":"Hattori T","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pain Rep."},{"key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2012.03.008"},{"key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.25001"},{"key":"bib21","unstructured":"Josef Perktold SS, Jonathan Taylor, statsmodels-developers. Linear Mixed Effects Models. Available at: https:\/\/www.statsmodels.org\/stable\/mixed_linear.html#. Accessed"},{"key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2012.11.008"},{"key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.2236"},{"key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.07.015"},{"key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.01.006"},{"key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e318256903a"},{"key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000038415"},{"key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1756-185X.2011.01612.x"},{"key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23736\/S1973-9087.21.06828-3"},{"key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2003.11.003"},{"key":"bib31","first-page":"11","author":"Primorac D","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genes (Basel)."},{"key":"bib32","unstructured":"Rossum Gv. pythonTM. Available at: https:\/\/www.python.org. Accessed 2024."},{"key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546516677727"},{"key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.25504"},{"key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2022.111204"},{"key":"bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2012.10.019"},{"key":"bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2013.06.001"},{"key":"bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465231175160"},{"key":"bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-014-3305-x"},{"key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2013.02.003"},{"key":"bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2015.5859"},{"key":"bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.11.003"},{"key":"bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/msc.1492"},{"key":"bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2014.07.014"},{"key":"bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jebm.12627"}],"container-title":["JOSPT Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jospt.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.2519\/josptopen.2026.0183","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T15:01:19Z","timestamp":1776265279000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jospt.org\/doi\/10.2519\/josptopen.2026.0183"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2519\/josptopen.2026.0183"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2519\/josptopen.2026.0183","relation":{},"ISSN":["2832-8280"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2832-8280","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}