{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T04:10:53Z","timestamp":1768623053403,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Background and Purpose. This case report describes the implementation of gait training intervention that used an electromechanical gait trainer with simultaneous functional electrical stimulation (FES) for 2 patients with acute ischemic stroke. Case Descriptions. Two individuals with post-stroke hemiplegia of less than 6 weeks' duration participated in a 4-week gait training program as an adjunct to physical therapy received at a hospital. After the 4-week intervention, both patients were discharged from the hospital, and they returned after 6 months for a follow-up evaluation. Outcomes. By the end of the 4-week intervention, both patients had shown improvements in scores on the Barthel Index, Berg Balance Scale, Functional Ambulation Categories Scale, 5-m timed walking test, and Motricity Index. In the 6-month follow-up evaluation, both patients continued to have improvements in all outcome measures. Discussion. This case report shows that, following the use of an electromechanical gait trainer simultaneously with FES, patients after acute stroke had improvements in gait performance, functional activities, balance, and motor control in the long term.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20050183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,16]],"date-time":"2007-02-16T22:08:35Z","timestamp":1171663715000},"page":"1282-1294","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Gait Training of Patients After Stroke Using an Electromechanical Gait Trainer Combined With Simultaneous Functional Electrical Stimulation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Raymond KY","family":"Tong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"RKY Tong, PhD, is Assistant Professor, Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maple FW","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MFW Ng, PT, is a student in the Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonard SW","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LSW Li, MD, is Director, Rehabilitation Unit, and Consultant Physician in Rehabilitation Medicine, Tung Wah Hospital, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elaine FM","family":"So","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EFM So, PT, is Department Manager, Department of Physiotherapy, Tung Wah Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","reference":[{"key":"2020010105080792700_ref1","first-page":"605","article-title":"Managing disability from stroke","volume":"32","author":"Clifford","year":"1986","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician"},{"key":"2020010105080792700_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.2340\/1650197787192530","article-title":"Walking after stroke: measurement and recovery over the first three months","volume":"19","author":"Wade","year":"1987","journal-title":"Scand J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"2020010105080792700_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9993(93)90159-8","article-title":"Task-specific physical therapy for optimization of gait recovery in acute stroke patients","volume":"74","author":"Richards","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"2020010105080792700_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.3109\/03790799009166265","article-title":"Gait recovery after hemiplegic stroke","volume":"12","author":"Friedman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Int Disabil Stud"},{"key":"2020010105080792700_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.26.6.976","article-title":"Treadmill training with partial body weight support compared with physiotherapy in nonambulatory hemiparetic patients","volume":"26","author":"Hesse","year":"1995","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2020010105080792700_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.29.6.1122","article-title":"A new approach to retrain gait in stroke patients through body weight support and treadmill stimulation","volume":"29","author":"Visintin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2020010105080792700_ref7","first-page":"540","article-title":"The effects of parallel bars, body weight support and speed on the modulation of the locomotor pattern of spastic paretic gait: a preliminary ommunication","volume":"32","author":"Visintin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Paraplegia"},{"key":"2020010105080792700_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(00)00374-4","article-title":"Ambulatory level and asymmetrical weight bearing after stroke affects bone loss in the upper and lower part of the femoral neck differently: bone adaptation after decreased mechanical loading","volume":"27","author":"Jorgensen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"2020010105080792700_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9993(94)90083-3","article-title":"Restoration of gait in nonambulatory hemiparetic patients by treadmill training with partial body-weight support","volume":"75","author":"Hesse","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch of Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"2020010105080792700_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2002.34267","article-title":"Gait outcomes after acute stroke rehabilitation with supported treadmill ambulation training: a randomized controlled pilot study","volume":"83","author":"Lim","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch of Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"2020010105080792700_ref11","first-page":"245","article-title":"A comparison of regular rehabilitation and regular rehabilitation with supported treadmill ambulation training for acute stroke patients","volume":"38","author":"Lim","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"key":"2020010105080792700_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1177\/154596830001400102","article-title":"Comparison of partial body weight-supported treadmill gait training versus aggressive bracing assisted walking post stroke","volume":"14","author":"Kosak","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"key":"2020010105080792700_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1515\/bmte.1999.44.7-8.194","article-title":"Development of an advanced mechanised gait trainer, controlling movement of the centre of mass, for restoring gait in non-ambulant subjects","volume":"44","author":"Hesse","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biomed Tech (Berl)"},{"key":"2020010105080792700_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2000.6280","article-title":"A mechanized gait trainer for restoring gait in nonambulatory subjects","volume":"81","author":"Hesse","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"2020010105080792700_ref15","first-page":"701","article-title":"A mechanized gait trainer for restoration of gait","volume":"37","author":"Hesse","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"key":"2020010105080792700_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2895","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000035734.61539.F6","article-title":"Treadmill training with partial body weight support and an electromechanical gait trainer for restoration of gait in subacute stroke patients: a randomized crossover study","volume":"33","author":"Werner","year":"2002","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2020010105080792700_ref17","first-page":"553","article-title":"Therapeutic effects of multisite electric stimulation of gait in motor-disabled patients","volume":"68","author":"Malezic","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"2020010105080792700_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.3109\/03093649309164365","article-title":"Enhancement of hemiplegic patient rehabilitation by means of functional electrical stimulation","volume":"17","author":"Kralj","year":"1993","journal-title":"Prosthetic Orthotics Int"},{"key":"2020010105080792700_ref19","volume-title":"Principles of Perceptual Learning and Development","author":"Gibson","year":"1969"},{"key":"2020010105080792700_ref20","volume-title":"Motor Control and Learning: A Behavioral Emphasis","author":"Schmidt","year":"1988"},{"key":"2020010105080792700_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6","article-title":"\u201cMini-mental state\u201d: a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician","volume":"12","author":"Folstein","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"2020010105080792700_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.73.2.188","article-title":"Comparison of the psychometric characteristics of the functional independence measure, 5 item Barthel index, and 10 item Barthel index in patients with stroke","volume":"73","author":"Hsueh","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"2020010105080792700_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/76.6.576","article-title":"Use of the Berg Balance Test to predict falls in elderly persons","volume":"76","author":"Bogle Thorbahn","year":"1996","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"2020010105080792700_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.3138\/ptc.41.6.304","article-title":"Measuring balance in the elderly: preliminary development of an instrument","volume":"41","author":"Berg","year":"1989","journal-title":"Physiother Can"},{"key":"2020010105080792700_ref25","first-page":"35","article-title":"The balance scale: responsiveness to clinically meaningful changes","volume":"10","author":"Wood-Dauphinee","year":"1997","journal-title":"Can J Rehabil"},{"key":"2020010105080792700_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/64.1.35","article-title":"Clinical gait assessment in the neurologically impaired: reliability and meaningfulness","volume":"64","author":"Holden","year":"1984","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"2020010105080792700_ref27","first-page":"168","article-title":"Using impairment inventory scores to determine ambulation status in individuals with stroke","volume":"51","author":"Stevenson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Physiother Can"},{"key":"2020010105080792700_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1159\/000115178","article-title":"Motor evaluation in vascular hemiplegia","volume":"19","author":"Demeurisse","year":"1980","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"key":"2020010105080792700_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1191\/026921500675786655","article-title":"Criterion validity of lower extremity Motricity Index scores","volume":"14","author":"Cameron","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"2020010105080792700_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.3109\/03790799009166594","article-title":"Mobility after stroke: reliability of measures of impairment and disability","volume":"12","author":"Collen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Int Disabil Stud"},{"key":"2020010105080792700_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(99)90053-9","article-title":"Reliability of the Tone Assessment Scale and the modified Ashworth scale as clinical tools for assessing poststroke spasticity","volume":"80","author":"Gregson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"2020010105080792700_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1161\/hs0202.102365","article-title":"Speed-dependent treadmill training in ambulatory stroke patients: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"33","author":"Pohl","year":"2002","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2020010105080792700_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101595","article-title":"Electromechanical gait training with functional electrical stimulation: case studies in spinal cord injury","volume":"42","author":"Hesse","year":"2004","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"2020010105080792700_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.48.1.7","article-title":"Recovery after stroke: the first 3 months","volume":"48","author":"Wade","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Physical Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ptj\/article-pdf\/86\/9\/1282\/31671962\/ptj1282.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ptj\/article-pdf\/86\/9\/1282\/31671962\/ptj1282.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,11]],"date-time":"2024-02-11T00:38:53Z","timestamp":1707611933000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ptj\/article\/86\/9\/1282\/2805258"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,1]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2522\/ptj.20050183","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-9023","1538-6724"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-9023","type":"print"},{"value":"1538-6724","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,1]]}}}