{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T15:09:51Z","timestamp":1791299391979,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Physical therapists commonly use screening tests to identify upper motoneuron lesions such as cord compressive myelopathy (CCM), the presence of which necessitates appropriate medical referral. Signs and symptoms of CCM include sensory and ataxic changes of the lower extremities, poorly coordinated gait, weakness, tetraspasticity, clumsiness, spasticity, hyperreflexia, and primitive reflexes. Clinical tests and measures such as Hoffmann sign, clonus, Lhermitte sign, the grip and release test, the finger escape sign, the Babinski test, and the inverted supinator sign have historically been used as screens for CCM. For effectiveness as a screen, a clinical test or measure should demonstrate high sensitivity. Diagnostic accuracy studies have shown that clinical tests and measures for CCM often display low sensitivity, indicating that a negative finding may falsely suggest the absence of a condition or disease that actually is present. To counter the low levels of sensitivity, screening should include a combination of a thorough patient history, recognition of and appropriate referral for cauda equina symptoms, and clusters of any pertinent contributory tests and measures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20060150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,18]],"date-time":"2007-07-18T00:54:40Z","timestamp":1184720080000},"page":"1233-1242","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["A Pragmatic Neurological Screen for Patients With Suspected Cord Compressive Myelopathy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Chad E","family":"Cook","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CE Cook, PT, PhD, MBA, OCS, FAAOMPT, is Assistant Professor, Department of Community and Family Medicine, and Director of Outcomes Measures, Department of Surgery, Center for Excellence in Surgical Outcomes, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710 (USA)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Hegedus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"E Hegedus, PT, DPT, MS, OCS, is Assistant Professor, Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Pietrobon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R Pietrobon, MD, PhD, MBA, is Associate Professor, Department of Surgery, Center for Excellence in Surgical Outcomes, Duke University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Goode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A Goode, PT, DPT, is Assistant Professor, Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","reference":[{"key":"2019123111582319800_R1","volume-title":"Neuroscience","author":"Purves","year":"2001"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R2","volume-title":"Orthopedic Manual Therapy: An Evidence-Based Approach","author":"Cook","year":"2007"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.70.10.899","article-title":"Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: make the difficult diagnosis, then refer for surgery","volume":"70","author":"McCormick","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cleve Clin J Med"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2663","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199812150-00003","article-title":"Epidemiology, physical examination, and neurodiagnostics","volume":"23","author":"Dvorak","year":"1998","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R5","first-page":"105","article-title":"Cervical radiculitis and shoulder disorders","author":"Manifold","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)31760-0","article-title":"Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: clinical syndrome and natural history","volume":"23","author":"Montgomery","year":"1992","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"2019123111582319800_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S181","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-003-0631-y","article-title":"Cervical myelopathy: clinical and neurophysiological evaluation","volume":"12","author":"Dvorak","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.71B3.2722928","article-title":"The prognosis of surgery for cervical compression myelopathy: an analysis of the factors involved","volume":"71","author":"Fujiwara","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200111000-00003","article-title":"Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: diagnosis and treatment","volume":"9","author":"Emery","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/S1529-9430(01)00082-1","article-title":"Conservative treatment for cervical spondylotic myelopathy","volume":"1","author":"Yoshimatsu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R11","first-page":"409","article-title":"Lumbar radicular pain","volume":"33","author":"Govind","year":"2004","journal-title":"Aust Fam Physician"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2000.30.12.728","article-title":"Diagnosis and nonoperative management of cervical radiculopathy","volume":"30","author":"Wainner","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/S1521-6942(03)00027-5","article-title":"How to assess musculoskeletal conditions: history and physical examination","volume":"17","author":"Woolf","year":"2003","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.176.6.1761357","article-title":"Ten criteria for effective screening: their application to multislice CT screening for pulmonary and colorectal cancers","volume":"176","author":"Obuchowski","year":"2001","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07948-5","article-title":"Uses and abuses of screening tests","volume":"359","author":"Grimes","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R16","volume-title":"Evidence-Based Medicine: How to Practice and Teach EBM","author":"Sackett","year":"1997"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2005.10.008","article-title":"Knowledge transfer in family physicians managing patients with acute low back pain: a prospective randomized control trial","volume":"6","author":"Bishop","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/S1529-9430(03)00152-9","article-title":"Compliance with clinical practice guidelines in family physicians managing worker's compensation board patients with acute lower back pain","volume":"3","author":"Bishop","year":"2003","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-003-0567-2","article-title":"Routine primary care management of acute low back pain: adherence to clinical guidelines","volume":"12","author":"Gonzalez-Urzelai","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.60.9.618","article-title":"Occupational health guidelines for the management of low back pain: an international comparison","volume":"60","author":"Staal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R21","first-page":"489","article-title":"Evaluation of neck pain, radiculopathy, and myelopathy: imaging, conservative treatment, and surgical indications","volume":"52","author":"Boyce","year":"2003","journal-title":"Instr Course Lect"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200003150-00005","article-title":"Increased signal intensity of the spinal cord on magnetic resonance images in cervical compressive myelopathy: Does it predict the outcome of conservative treatment","volume":"25","author":"Matsumoto","year":"2000","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-199804000-00014","article-title":"Conservative treatment for cervical spondylotic myelopathy: achievement and sustainability of a level of \u201cno disability","volume":"11","author":"Nakamura","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2004.34.11.701","article-title":"Intermittent cervical traction and thoracic manipulation for management of mild cervical compressive myelopathy attributed to cervical herniated disc: a case series","volume":"34","author":"Browder","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2003.11.013","article-title":"The clinical presentation and impact of diagnostic delays on emergency department patients with spinal epidural abscess","volume":"26","author":"Davis","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R26","first-page":"162","article-title":"Dorsal surgical approach for cervical spondylotic myelopathy","volume-title":"Techniques in Neurosurgery","author":"Gross","year":"1999"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R27","first-page":"1064","article-title":"Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: a common cause of spinal cord dysfunction in older persons","volume":"62","author":"Young","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199904000-00041","article-title":"Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: patterns of neurological deficit and recovery after anterior cervical decompression","volume":"44","author":"Chiles BW","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1522-2594(199906)41:6<1269::AID-MRM26>3.0.CO;2-2","article-title":"Magnetic resonance diffusion imaging of the human cervical spinal cord in vivo","volume":"41","author":"Clark","year":"1999","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-3019(84)90016-8","article-title":"\u201cNumb, clumsy hands\u201d and high cervical spondylosis","volume":"22","author":"Good","year":"1984","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1007\/s005860000132","article-title":"Conservative treatment versus surgery in spondylotic cervical myelopathy: a prospective randomised study","volume":"9","author":"Kadanka","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100045728","article-title":"Posterior column dysfunction in cervical spondylotic myelopathy","volume":"11","author":"MacFadyen","year":"1984","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/95.1.101","article-title":"The natural history and the results of surgical treatment of the spinal cord disorder associated with cervical spondylosis","volume":"95","author":"Nurick","year":"1972","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.42.1.5","article-title":"Surgical treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy: time for a controlled trial","volume":"42","author":"Rowland","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1966.25.1.0057","article-title":"Cervical spondylotic myelopathy","volume":"25","author":"Crandall","year":"1966","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.12968\/hosp.2002.63.12.1895","article-title":"Smart handles and red flags in neurological diagnosis","volume":"63","author":"Hawkes","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hosp Med"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R37","first-page":"1100","article-title":"Diseases of the spinal cord, peripheral nerve and muscle","volume-title":"Principles of Neurology","author":"Adams","year":"1993"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/75.2.187","article-title":"The neurological manifestations of cervical spondylosis","volume":"75","author":"Brain","year":"1952","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2004.16.6.2","article-title":"Infectious origins of cauda equina syndrome","volume":"16","author":"Cohen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R40","first-page":"e6","article-title":"Cauda equina syndrome in patients with low lumbar fractures","volume":"16","author":"Thongtrangan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-66-792-1193","article-title":"Case report: ossification of the thoracic ligamenta flava in a Caucasian\u2014a rare cause of myelopathy","volume":"66","author":"Arafat","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R42","first-page":"208","article-title":"Vertebroplasty in the treatment of back pain","volume":"109","author":"Muto","year":"2005","journal-title":"Radiol Med (Torino)"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R43","first-page":"631","article-title":"Recognizing spinal cord emergencies","volume":"64","author":"Arce","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-004-0827-y","article-title":"Upper thoracic myelopathy caused by vertebral collapse and subluxation in rheumatoid arthritis: report of two cases","volume":"9","author":"Nakamura","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.10405","article-title":"Compressive lumbar myelopathy presenting as segmental motor neuron disease","volume":"28","author":"Kleopa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R46","first-page":"e8","article-title":"Medicolegal consequences of cauda equina syndrome: an overview","volume":"16","author":"Kostuik","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2004.16.6.3","article-title":"Cauda equina syndrome caused by primary and metastatic neoplasms","volume":"16","author":"Bagley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R48","first-page":"123","article-title":"Surgical decompressive procedures for cervical spondylotic myelopathy: a study using magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"16","author":"Batzdorf","year":"1991","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S534","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199110001-00016","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging study on spinal cord plasticity in patients with cervical compression myelopathy","volume":"16","author":"Fukushima","year":"1991","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-197706000-00004","article-title":"Cervical myelopathy secondary to multiple spondylotic protrusions: a clinicopathologic study","volume":"2","author":"Ono","year":"1977","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-199205000-00002","article-title":"Cervical spine disk herniation: comparison of CT and 3DFT gradient echo MR scans","volume":"16","author":"Yousem","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1673.2000.00813.x","article-title":"Value of magnetic resonance myelography in the diagnosis of disc herniation and spinal stenosis","volume":"44","author":"Pui","year":"2000","journal-title":"Australas Radiol"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R53","first-page":"1091","article-title":"Analysis of hypertrophy of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine, on the basis of clinical and experimental studies","volume":"49","author":"Mizuno","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198301000-00001","article-title":"Canal diameter, anteroposterior compression ratio, and spondylotic myelopathy of the cervical spine","volume":"8","author":"Ogino","year":"1983","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.69B2.3818752","article-title":"Myelopathy hand: new clinical signs of cervical cord damage","volume":"69","author":"Ono","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-199712000-00012","article-title":"Trends and complications in cervical spine surgery: 1989\u20131993","volume":"10","author":"Zeidman","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2260","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000142434.02579.84","article-title":"Presymptomatic spondylotic cervical cord compression","volume":"29","author":"Bednarik","year":"2004","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1988.68.2.0217","article-title":"Myelopathic cervical spondylotic lesions demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"68","author":"Al-Mefty","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2213010365","article-title":"Intramedullary high signal intensity on T2-weighted MR images in cervical spondylotic myelopathy: prediction of prognosis with type of intensity","volume":"221","author":"Chen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199904000-00046","article-title":"Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: functional and radiographic long-term outcome after laminectomy and posterior fusion","volume":"44","author":"Kumar","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1991.74.6.0887","article-title":"Increased MR signal intensity due to cervical myelopathy: analysis of 29 surgical cases","volume":"74","author":"Matsuda","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199903010-00009","article-title":"Can intramedullary signal change on magnetic resonance imaging predict surgical outcome in cervical spondylotic myelopathy","volume":"24","author":"Wada","year":"1999","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200101010-00013","article-title":"Correlation between a positive Hoffmann's reflex and cervical pathology in asymptomatic individuals","volume":"26","author":"Sung","year":"2001","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R64","first-page":"231","article-title":"The electrophysiological study of differential diagnosis between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and cervical spondylotic myelopathy","volume":"35","author":"Kang","year":"1995","journal-title":"Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R65","first-page":"205","article-title":"Usefulness of motor evoked potentials in compressive myelopathy","volume":"33","author":"De Mattei","year":"1993","journal-title":"Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-005-0639-7","article-title":"Use of quantitative assessment scales in cervical spondylotic myelopathy: survey of clinician's attitudes","volume":"147","author":"Singh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199807000-00002","article-title":"Anterior cervical decompression and arthrodesis for the treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy: two- to seventeen-year follow-up","volume":"80","author":"Emery","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.39.9.905","article-title":"Mechanism of the inverted supinator reflex: a clinical and neurophysiological study","volume":"39","author":"Estanol","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2777","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000190452.33258.72","article-title":"Finger motion analysis of the patients with cervical myelopathy","volume":"30","author":"Sakai","year":"2005","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1177\/230949900401200220","article-title":"Correlation between magnetic resonance imaging and radiographic measurement of cervical spine in cervical myelopathic patients","volume":"12","author":"Wong","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong)"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-4179(00)00160-1","article-title":"Clonus: an unusual delayed neurological complication in electrical burn injury","volume":"27","author":"Deveci","year":"2001","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R72","first-page":"S1","article-title":"Clinicophysiologic concepts of spasticity and motor dysfunction in adults with an upper motoneuron lesion","volume":"6","author":"Mayer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve Suppl"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.42.11.1005","article-title":"Inverted knee jerk: a neglected localising sign in spinal cord disease","volume":"42","author":"Boyle","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-200295100-00014","article-title":"The \u201cbedsheet\u201d Babinski","volume":"95","author":"Berger","year":"2002","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1177\/088307389801300504","article-title":"\u201cExtensor toe sign\u201d by various methods in spastic children with cerebral palsy","volume":"13","author":"Ghosh","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-005-0605-6","article-title":"Absence of the Babinski sign in brain death: a prospective study of 144 cases","volume":"252","author":"de Freitas","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1976.tb04345.x","article-title":"The significance of a crossed extensor hallucis response in neurologic disorders: a comparison with the Babinski sign","volume":"53","author":"Hindfelt","year":"1976","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iii, 1","DOI":"10.3310\/hta8250","article-title":"Development and validation of methods for assessing the quality of diagnostic accuracy studies","volume":"8","author":"Whiting","year":"2004","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1979.03300170015014","article-title":"Babinski's sign: abduction also counts","volume":"242","author":"Smith","year":"1979","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.1998.tb02787.x","article-title":"Spinal cord emergencies: false reassurance from reflexes","volume":"5","author":"Glick","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R81","first-page":"314","article-title":"The Babinski sign: a reappraisal","volume":"48","author":"Kumar","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurol India"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.71.841.645","article-title":"The Babinski reflex","volume":"71","author":"van Gijn","year":"1995","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R83","first-page":"49","article-title":"Cervical spinal cord compression and the Hoffmann sign","volume":"21","author":"Glaser","year":"2001","journal-title":"Iowa Orthop J"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2170","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199410000-00007","article-title":"Compression of brachial plexus as a diagnostic test of cervical cord lesion","volume":"19","author":"Uchihara","year":"1994","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200204010-00011","article-title":"Cochrane review on the role of surgery in cervical spondylotic radiculomyelopathy","volume":"27","author":"Fouyas","year":"2002","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200107150-00021","article-title":"Relationships between outcomes of conservative treatment and magnetic resonance imaging findings in patients with mild cervical myelopathy caused by soft disc herniations","volume":"26","author":"Matsumoto","year":"2001","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(74)90173-7","article-title":"Somatosensory evoked responses to mechanical stimulation in normal subjects and in patients with neurological disorders","volume":"21","author":"Nakanishi","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1995.82.5.0745","article-title":"Surgical treatment for cervical spondylitic myelopathy","volume":"82","author":"Ebersold","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1998.89.2.0217","article-title":"Long-term follow-up results of laminectomy for cervical myelopathy caused by ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament","volume":"89","author":"Kato","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R90","first-page":"43","article-title":"Cervical spondylosis: an update","volume":"165","author":"McCormack","year":"1996","journal-title":"West J Med"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R91","volume-title":"Textbook of Orthopedic Medicine","author":"Cyriax","year":"1982"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R92","volume-title":"Physical Examination of the Spine and Extremities","author":"Hoppenfeld","year":"1976"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R93","volume-title":"Orthopedic Physical Assessment","author":"Magee","year":"1997"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R94","volume-title":"Diagnosis and Treatment of the Spine","author":"Winkel","year":"1996"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.7.10.673","article-title":"Significance of symptoms and signs in localization of involved root in cervical disk protrusion","volume":"7","author":"Yoss","year":"1957","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(05)82656-3","article-title":"A study to develop clinical decision rules for the use of radiography in acute ankle injuries","volume":"21","author":"Stiell","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(05)80059-9","article-title":"Low-risk criteria for cervical-spine radiography in blunt trauma: a prospective study","volume":"21","author":"Hoffman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"2019123111582319800_R98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.15.1841","article-title":"The Canadian C-spine Rule for radiography in alert and stable trauma patients","volume":"286","author":"Stiell","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"}],"container-title":["Physical Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ptj\/article-pdf\/87\/9\/1233\/31669824\/ptj1233.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ptj\/article-pdf\/87\/9\/1233\/31669824\/ptj1233.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]],"date-time":"2021-08-19T20:42:51Z","timestamp":1629405771000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ptj\/article\/87\/9\/1233\/2742437"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,1]]},"references-count":98,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2522\/ptj.20060150","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-9023","1538-6724"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-9023","type":"print"},{"value":"1538-6724","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,1]]}}}